2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.71)
|
|
|
|
|
original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
|
|
|
|
|
* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
|
|
|
|
|
* with significant contributions from:
|
|
|
|
|
Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
|
|
|
|
|
<HTML>
|
|
|
|
|
<HEAD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<TITLE>Randomizing</TITLE>
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Randomizing">
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="LaTeX2HTML v2002-2-1">
|
|
|
|
|
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="mma.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="up" HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
</HEAD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html517"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html515"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html509"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html518"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node13.html">Chord Voicing</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html516"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html510"
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node11.html">Automatic Melodies: Aria Tracks</A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR></DIV>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Table of Child-Links-->
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="tex2html519"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node12.html#SECTION001210000000000000000">RndSeed</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="tex2html520"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node12.html#SECTION001220000000000000000">RSkip</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="tex2html521"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node12.html#SECTION001230000000000000000">RTime</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI><A NAME="tex2html522"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node12.html#SECTION001240000000000000000">Other Randomizing Commands</A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
|
|
|
|
|
<HR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001200000000000000000"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="sec-randomizing"></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Randomizing
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
One criticism of computer generated music is that all to often it's
|
|
|
|
|
too predictable or mechanical sounding. Again, in
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> we're not
|
|
|
|
|
trying to replace real, flesh and blood musicians, but applying some
|
|
|
|
|
randomization to the way in which tracks are generated can help bridge
|
|
|
|
|
the human--mechanical gap.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001210000000000000000">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
RndSeed</A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
All of the random functions (R<SMALL>TIME</SMALL>, R<SMALL>SKIP</SMALL>, etc.) in
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> depend on the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Python random</SPAN> module. Each time
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> generates a track the values generated by the random functions will be
|
|
|
|
|
different. In most cases this is a ``good thing''; however, you may
|
|
|
|
|
want
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> to use the same sequence of random values<A NAME="tex2html45"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="#foot4870"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">12</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> each time it generates a
|
|
|
|
|
track. Simple: just use:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>RndSeed 123.56 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
at the top of your song file. You can use any value you want: it
|
|
|
|
|
really doesn't make any difference, but different values will generate
|
|
|
|
|
different sequences.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
You can also use this with no value, in which case Python uses its own
|
|
|
|
|
value (see the Python manual for details). Essentially, using no value
|
|
|
|
|
undoes the effect which permits the mixing of random and not-so-random
|
|
|
|
|
sections in the same song.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
One interesting use of R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>S<SMALL>EED</SMALL> could be to ensure that a
|
|
|
|
|
repeated section is identical: simply start the section with something
|
|
|
|
|
like:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Repeat
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
RndSeed 8
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> ...chords </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
It is highly recommended that you <SPAN CLASS="textit">do not</SPAN> use this command in
|
|
|
|
|
library files.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001220000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="rskip"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
RSkip
|
|
|
|
|
</H1>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
To aid in creating syncopated sounding patterns, you can use the
|
|
|
|
|
RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> directive to randomly silence or skip notes. The command
|
|
|
|
|
takes a value in the range 0 to 99. The ``0'' argument disables
|
|
|
|
|
skipping. For example:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Begin Drum
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> Define D1 1 0 90
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> Define D8 D1 * 8
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> Sequence D8
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> Tone OpenHiHat
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> RSkip 40
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
End </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In this case a drum pattern has been defined to hit short
|
|
|
|
|
``OpenHiHat'' notes 8 per bar. The RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> argument of ``40''
|
|
|
|
|
causes the note to be NOT sounded (randomly) only 40% of the time.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Using a value of ``10'' will cause notes to be skipped 10% of the
|
|
|
|
|
time (they are played 90% of the time), ``90'' means to skip the
|
|
|
|
|
notes 90% of the time, etc.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
You can specify a different RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> for each bar in a sequence.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
Repeated values can be represented with a ``/'':
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Scale RSkip 40 90 / 40 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
If you use the RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> in a chord track, the entire chord
|
|
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textit">will not</SPAN> be silenced. The option will be applied to the
|
|
|
|
|
individual notes of each chord. This may or may not be what you are
|
|
|
|
|
after. You cannot use this option to generate entire chords randomly.
|
|
|
|
|
For this effect you need to create several chord patterns and select
|
|
|
|
|
them with S<SMALL>EQ</SMALL>R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001230000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="rtime"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
RTime
|
|
|
|
|
</H1>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
One of the biggest problem with computer generated drum and rhythm
|
|
|
|
|
tracks is that, unlike real musicians, the beats are precise and ``on
|
|
|
|
|
the beat''. The RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> directive attempts to solve this.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The command can be applied to all tracks.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Drum-4 Rtime 4 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The value passed to the RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> directive is the number of MIDI ticks
|
|
|
|
|
with which to vary the start time of the notes. For example, if you
|
|
|
|
|
specify ``5'' the start times will vary from -5 to +5 ticks) on each
|
|
|
|
|
note for the specified track. There are 192 MIDI ticks in each quarter
|
|
|
|
|
note.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Any value from 0 to 100 can be used; however values in the range 0 to
|
|
|
|
|
10 are most commonly used. Exercise caution in using large values!
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
You can specify a different RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> for each bar in a sequence.
|
|
|
|
|
Repeated values can be represented with a ``/'':
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Chord RTime 4 10 / 4 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
R<SMALL>TIME</SMALL> is guaranteed never to start a note before the start of a
|
|
|
|
|
bar.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001240000000000000000">
|
|
|
|
|
Other Randomizing Commands</A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In addition to the above, the following commands should be examined:
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF="node11.html#chap-aria">Aria</A> tracks
|
|
|
|
|
have a ``r'' option for the movement direction.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI>The track <A HREF="node23.html#scale-direction">Direction</A> command has a ``random'' option for playing scales,
|
|
|
|
|
arpeggios, and other tracks.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF="node17.html#rvolume">R<SMALL>VOLUME</SMALL></A> makes random adjustments to the volume of each note.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI>The <A HREF="node13.html#voice-rmove">V<SMALL>OICING</SMALL></A> command has an RM<SMALL>OVE</SMALL> option.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF="node19.html#rndset">R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL></A>
|
|
|
|
|
lets you set a variable to a random value.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI><A HREF="node5.html#seqrnd">SeqRnd</A>
|
|
|
|
|
enables randomization of sequences; this randomization can be
|
|
|
|
|
fine-tuned with the <A HREF="node5.html#seqrndweight">SeqRndWeight</A> command.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
|
|
|
|
|
<DL>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot4870">... values</A><A
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node12.html#tex2html45"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">12</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
|
|
|
<DD>Yes,
|
|
|
|
|
this is a contradiction of terms.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
</DL>
|
|
|
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><HR>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--Navigation Panel-->
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html517"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node13.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html515"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html509"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node11.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html518"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node13.html">Chord Voicing</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html516"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html510"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node11.html">Automatic Melodies: Aria Tracks</A></DIV>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
|
<ADDRESS>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
bob
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
2008-09-28
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</ADDRESS>
|
|
|
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
|
|
|
</HTML>
|
