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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Swing</TITLE>
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HREF="node16.html">Volume and Dynamics</A>
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HREF="node14.html">Tempo and Timing</A>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001500000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="swingmode"></A>
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<BR>
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Swing
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</H1>
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<P>
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In jazz and swing music there is a convention to apply special timing
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to eighth notes. Normally, the first of a pair of eights is lengthened
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and the second is shortened. In the sheet music this can is sometimes
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notated as sequences of a dotted eighth followed by a sixteenth. But,
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if you were to foolish enough to play the song with this timing you'd
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get a funny look from a jazz musician who will tell you to ``swing''
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the notes.
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<P>
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The easiest way to think about swing eighths is to mentally convert
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them to a triplet consisting of a quarter note and and eighth.
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<P>
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<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
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<IMG WIDTH="75%" SRC="mupex/swingconv.png" ALT="Lost Image">
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</DIV>
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<P>
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In the above music the first and second bar are both played as
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in the third.
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> can handle this musical style in a number of ways, the control
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is though the S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> command and options.
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<P>
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In default mode
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> assumes that you don't want your song to swing.
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<P>
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To enable automatic conversions, simply set S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> to ``on'':
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>SwingMode On </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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This directive accepts the value ``On'' and ``Off'' or ``1'' and
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``0''.
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<P>
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With S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> enabled
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> takes some extra steps when creating
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patterns and processing of S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> parts.
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Any eighth note in a pattern ``on the beat'' (1, 2, etc.) is converted to a
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``81'' note.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Any eighth note is a pattern ``off the beat'' (1.5, 2.5, etc.)
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is converted to ``82'' note, and the offset is adjusted to the prior
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beat plus the value of an ``81'' note.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Drum notes with a value of a single MIDI tick are handled in the
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same way, but only the offset adjustment is needed.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>In S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> tracks any successive pairs of
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eighth notes (or rests) are adjusted.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<I>Important:</I> when defining patterns and sequences remember that
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the adjustment is made when the pattern is compiled. With a
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D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL> command the arguments are compiled (and swing
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will be applied). But a S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> command with an
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already defined pattern will use the existing pattern values (the
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swing adjustment may or may not have been done at define
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time). Finally, if you have a dynamic define in the sequence the
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adjustment will take place if needed.
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<P>
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S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> has an additional option, S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL>. This factor
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is used to create the ``81'' and ``82''
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note lengths (see <A HREF="node4.html#notelength">here</A>). By
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default the value ``66'' is used. This simply means that the note
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length ``81'' is assigned 66% of the value of an eight note, and
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``82'' is assigned 34%.
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<P>
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You can change this setting at any point in your song or style
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files. It will take effect immediately on all future patterns and solo
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lines.
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<P>
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The setting:
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>SwingMode Skew=60 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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will set a 60/40 setting.
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<P>
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If you want to experiment, find a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> with note lengths of
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``81'' and ``82'' (``swing'' is as good a choice as any). Now, put a
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S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE </SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW=</SMALL>V<SMALL>ALUE</SMALL> directive at the top of your song file (before
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selecting any G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>s). Compile and play the song with different values
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to hear the effects.
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<P>
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If you want to play with different effects you could do something like
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this:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>SwingMode On Skew=40
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<BR> ... Set CHORD pattern/groove
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<BR>
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SwingMode Skew=30
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<BR> ... Set Drum-1 pattern/groove
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<BR>
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SwingMode Skew=whatever
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<BR> ... Set Drum-2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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This will give different rates for different tracks. I'll probably not
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enjoy your results, but I play polkas on the accordion for fun.
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<P>
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The complete S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> setting is saved in the current G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> and can be accessed
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via the $_SwingMode built-in macro.
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<P>
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The easy (and ugly and unintuitive) way to handle swing is to
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hard-code the value right into your patterns. For example, you could
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set a swing chord pattern with:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define Swing8 1 3+3 80; 1.33 3 80; 2 3+3 80; 2.33 3 80 ... </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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We really don't recommend this for the simple reason that the swing
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rate is frozen as quarter/eighth triplets.
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<P>
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If you refer to the table of note lengths
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(<A HREF="node4.html#notelength">here</A>) you will find the cryptic
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values of ``81'' and ``82''. These notes are adjusted depending of the
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S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL> value. So:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define Swing8 1 81 80; 1+81 82 80; 2 81 80; 2+81 82 80 ... </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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is a bit better. In this case we have set a chord on beat 1 as the
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first of an eighth note, and a chord on the off-beat as the
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second. Note how we specify the off-beats as ``1+81'', etc.
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<P>
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In this example the feel of the swing will vary with the
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S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL> setting.
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<P>
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But, aren't computers supposed to make life simple? Well, here is our
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recommended method:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>SwingMode On
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<BR>
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Chord Define Swing8 1 8 80; 1.5 8 80; 2 8 80; 2.5 8 80 ... </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Now,
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will convert the values for you. Magic, well ...almost.
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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There are times when you will need to be more explicit, especially in
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S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> tracks:
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<P>
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<UL>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<LI>If a bar has both swing and straight eighths.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>If the note following an eighth is not an eight.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
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2007-03-07
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