2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.71)
|
|
|
|
|
original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
|
|
|
|
|
* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
|
|
|
|
|
* with significant contributions from:
|
|
|
|
|
Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
|
|
|
|
|
<HTML>
|
|
|
|
|
<HEAD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<TITLE>Swing</TITLE>
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Swing">
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="LaTeX2HTML v2002-2-1">
|
|
|
|
|
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="mma.css">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node17.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="up" HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node17.html">
|
|
|
|
|
</HEAD>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html587"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node17.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html585"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html579"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html588"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node17.html">Volume and Dynamics</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html586"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html580"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node15.html">Tempo and Timing</A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR></DIV>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001600000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="swingmode"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Swing
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In jazz and swing music there is a convention to apply special timing
|
|
|
|
|
to eighth notes. Normally, the first of a pair of eights is lengthened
|
|
|
|
|
and the second is shortened. In the sheet music this can is sometimes
|
|
|
|
|
notated as sequences of a dotted eighth followed by a sixteenth. But,
|
|
|
|
|
if you were to foolish enough to play the song with this timing you'd
|
|
|
|
|
get a funny look from a jazz musician who will tell you to ``swing''
|
|
|
|
|
the notes.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The easiest way to think about swing eighths is to mentally convert
|
|
|
|
|
them to a triplet consisting of a quarter note and and eighth.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<DIV ALIGN="CENTER">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="75%" SRC="mupex/swingconv.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</DIV>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In the above music the first and second bar are both played as
|
|
|
|
|
in the third.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> can handle this musical style in a number of ways, the control
|
|
|
|
|
is though the S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> command and options.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In default mode
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> assumes that you don't want your song to swing.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
To enable automatic conversions, simply set S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> to ``on'':
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>SwingMode On </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
This directive accepts the value ``On'' and ``Off'' or ``1'' and
|
|
|
|
|
``0''.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
With S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> enabled
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> takes some extra steps when creating
|
|
|
|
|
patterns and processing of S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> parts.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>Any eighth note in a pattern ``on the beat'' (1, 2, etc.) is converted to a
|
|
|
|
|
``81'' note.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>Any eighth note is a pattern ``off the beat'' (1.5, 2.5, etc.)
|
|
|
|
|
is converted to ``82'' note, and the offset is adjusted to the prior
|
|
|
|
|
beat plus the value of an ``81'' note.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>Drum notes with a value of a single MIDI tick are handled in the
|
|
|
|
|
same way, but only the offset adjustment is needed.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>In S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> tracks any successive pairs of
|
|
|
|
|
eighth notes (or rests) are adjusted.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textit">Important:</SPAN> when defining patterns and sequences remember that
|
|
|
|
|
the adjustment is made when the pattern is compiled. With a
|
|
|
|
|
D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL> command the arguments are compiled (and swing
|
|
|
|
|
will be applied). But a S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> command with an
|
|
|
|
|
already defined pattern will use the existing pattern values (the
|
|
|
|
|
swing adjustment may or may not have been done at define
|
|
|
|
|
time). Finally, if you have a dynamic define in the sequence the
|
|
|
|
|
adjustment will take place if needed.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> has an additional option, S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL>. This factor
|
|
|
|
|
is used to create the ``81'' and ``82''
|
|
|
|
|
note lengths (see <A HREF="node4.html#notelength">here</A>). By
|
|
|
|
|
default the value ``66'' is used. This simply means that the note
|
|
|
|
|
length ``81'' is assigned 66% of the value of an eight note, and
|
|
|
|
|
``82'' is assigned 34%.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
You can change this setting at any point in your song or style
|
|
|
|
|
files. It will take effect immediately on all future patterns and solo
|
|
|
|
|
lines.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The setting:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>SwingMode Skew=60 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
will set a 60/40 setting.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
If you want to experiment, find a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> with note lengths of
|
|
|
|
|
``81'' and ``82'' (``swing'' is as good a choice as any). Now, put a
|
|
|
|
|
S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE </SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW=</SMALL>V<SMALL>ALUE</SMALL> directive at the top of your song file (before
|
|
|
|
|
selecting any G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>s). Compile and play the song with different values
|
|
|
|
|
to hear the effects.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
If you want to play with different effects you could do something like
|
|
|
|
|
this:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>SwingMode On Skew=40
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> ...Set CHORD pattern/groove
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
SwingMode Skew=30
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> ...Set Drum-1 pattern/groove
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
SwingMode Skew=whatever
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> ...Set Drum-2 </B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
This will give different rates for different tracks. I'll probably not
|
|
|
|
|
enjoy your results, but I play polkas on the accordion for fun.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The complete S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE</SMALL> setting is saved in the current G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> and can be accessed
|
|
|
|
|
via the $_SwingMode built-in macro.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
The easy (and ugly and unintuitive) way to handle swing is to
|
|
|
|
|
hard-code the value right into your patterns. For example, you could
|
|
|
|
|
set a swing chord pattern with:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Chord Define Swing8 1 3+3 80; 1.33 3 80; 2 3+3 80; 2.33 3 80 ...</B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
We really don't recommend this for the simple reason that the swing
|
|
|
|
|
rate is frozen as quarter/eighth triplets.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
If you refer to the table of note lengths
|
|
|
|
|
(<A HREF="node4.html#notelength">here</A>) you will find the cryptic
|
|
|
|
|
values of ``81'' and ``82''. These notes are adjusted depending of the
|
|
|
|
|
S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL> value. So:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Chord Define Swing8 1 81 80; 1+81 82 80; 2 81 80; 2+81 82 80 ...</B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
is a bit better. In this case we have set a chord on beat 1 as the
|
|
|
|
|
first of an eighth note, and a chord on the off-beat as the
|
|
|
|
|
second. Note how we specify the off-beats as ``1+81'', etc.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
In this example the feel of the swing will vary with the
|
|
|
|
|
S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL> setting.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
But, aren't computers supposed to make life simple? Well, here is our
|
|
|
|
|
recommended method:
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>SwingMode On
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Chord Define Swing8 1 8 80; 1.5 8 80; 2 8 80; 2.5 8 80 ...</B>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
Now,
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will convert the values for you. Magic, well ...almost.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
There are times when you will need to be more explicit, especially in
|
|
|
|
|
S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> and M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> tracks:
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI>If a bar has both swing and straight eighths.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</LI>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<LI>If the note following an eighth is not an eight.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><HR>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--Navigation Panel-->
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html587"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node17.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html585"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html579"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node15.html">
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html588"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node17.html">Volume and Dynamics</A>
|
|
|
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html586"
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html580"
|
|
|
|
|
HREF="node15.html">Tempo and Timing</A></DIV>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
|
<ADDRESS>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
bob
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
2008-09-28
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
</ADDRESS>
|
|
|
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
|
|
|
</HTML>
|
