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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Patterns</TITLE>
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Patterns">
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html395"
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HREF="node5.html">
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HREF="mma.html">
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HREF="node3.html">
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html396"
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HREF="node5.html">Sequences</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html394"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html388"
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HREF="node3.html">Tracks and Channels</A>
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<BR>
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<BR></DIV>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html397"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00410000000000000000">Defining a Pattern</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html398"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00411000000000000000">Bass</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html399"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00412000000000000000">Chord</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html400"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00413000000000000000">Arpeggio</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html401"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00414000000000000000">Walk</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html402"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00415000000000000000">Scale</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html403"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00416000000000000000">Aria</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html404"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00417000000000000000">Drum</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html405"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00418000000000000000">Drum Tone</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html406"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00420000000000000000">Including Existing Patterns in New Definitions</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html407"
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HREF="node4.html#SECTION00430000000000000000">Multiplying and Shifting Patterns</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00400000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="sec-pats"></A>
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<BR>
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Patterns
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</H1>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> builds its output based on P<SMALL>ATTERN</SMALL>s and S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL>s
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supplied by you. These can be defined in the same file as the rest of
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the song data, or can be included (see
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<A HREF="node26.html#sec-paths">here</A>) from a library file.
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<P>
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A pattern is a definition for a voice or track which describes what
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rhythm to play during the current bar. The actual notes selected for
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the rhythm are determined by the song bar data (see
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<A HREF="node8.html#sec-music">here</A>).
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00410000000000000000">
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Defining a Pattern</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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The formats for the different tracks vary, but are similar enough to
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confuse the unwary.
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<P>
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Each pattern definition consists of three parts:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>A unique label to identify the pattern. This is
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case-insensitive. Note that the same label names can be used in
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different tracks--for example, you could use the name ``MyPattern''
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in both a Drum and Chord pattern...but this is probably not a
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good idea. Names can use punctuation characters, but must not begin
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with an underscore (``_''). The pattern names ``z'' or ``Z'' and
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``-'' are also reserved.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>A series of note definitions. Each set in the series is
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delimited with a ``;''.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The end of the pattern definition is indicated by the
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end-of-line.
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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In the following sections definitions are shown in continuation
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lines; however, it is quite legal to mash all the information onto a
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single line.
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<P>
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The following concepts are used when defining a pattern:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><STRONG>Start</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>When to start the note. This is expressed as a beat
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offset. For example, to start a note at the start of a bar you use
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``1'', the second beat would be ``2'', the fourth ``4'', etc. You
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can easily use off-beats as well: The ``and'' of 2 is ``2.5'', the
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``and ahh'' of the first beat is ``1.75'', etc. Using a beat offset
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greater than the number of beats in a bar or less than ``0'' is not
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permitted. Please note that offsets in the range ``0'' to ``.999''
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will actually be played in the <SPAN CLASS="textit">previous</SPAN> bar (this can be
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useful in Jazz charts, and it will generate a
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warning!).<A NAME="tex2html19"
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HREF="#foot1588"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> See T<SMALL>IME</SMALL>
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(<A HREF="node15.html#time">here</A>).
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<P>
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The offset can be further modified by appending a note length (see
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the duration chart, below). If you want to specify an offset in the
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middle of the first beat you can use ``1.5'' or ``1+8''. The latter
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means the first beat plus the value of an eight note. This notation
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is quite useful when generating ``swing'' sequences. For example,
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two ``swing eights'' chords on beat one would be notated as: ``1 81
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90; 1+81 82 90''.
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<P>
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You can subtract note lengths as well, but this is rarely done. And,
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to make your style files completely unreadable, you can even use
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note length combinations. So, yes, the following pattern is
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fine:<A NAME="tex2html20"
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HREF="#foot1589"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A>
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define C1 2-81+4 82 90 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<A NAME="notelength"></A>
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<P>
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>Duration</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>The length of a note is somewhat standard musical
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notation. Since it is impractical to draw in graphical notes or to
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use fractions (like <SPAN CLASS="textbf">1/4</SPAN>)
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> , uses a shorthand
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notation detailed in the following table:
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table CellSpacing=0 Width="80%" Align="Center" CellPadding=10 BGColor="#dddddd" Border=3>
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<tr> <td>
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<TABLE CELLPADDING=3 BORDER="1">
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT"><SPAN CLASS="textit">Notation</SPAN></TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><SPAN CLASS="textit">Description</SPAN></TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">1</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Whole note</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">2</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Half</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">4</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Quarter</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">8</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Eighth</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">81</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">The first of a pair of swing eights</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">82</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">The second of a pair of swing eights</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">16</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Sixteenth</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">32</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Thirty-second</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">64</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Sixty-fourth</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">3</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Eight note triplet</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">43</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Quarter note triplet</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">23</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Half note triplet</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">6</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Sixteenth note triplet</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">5</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">Eight note quintuplet</TD>
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</TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="LEFT">0</TD>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT">A single MIDI tick</TD>
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</TR>
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</TABLE>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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</BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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The ``81'' and ``82'' notations represent the values of a pair of
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eighth notes in a swing pair. These values vary depending on the
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setting of S<SMALL>WING</SMALL>M<SMALL>ODE </SMALL>S<SMALL>KEW</SMALL>, see <A HREF="node16.html#swingmode">here</A>.
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<P>
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The note length ``0'' is a special value often used in drum
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tracks where the actual ``ringing''length appears to be controlled
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by the MIDI synth, not the driving program. Internally, a ``0'' note
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length is converted to a single MIDI tick.
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<P>
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Lengths can have a single or double dot appended. For example,
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``2.'' is a dotted half note and ``4..'' adds an eight and sixteenth
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value to a quarter note.
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|
<P>
|
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|
|
|
Note lengths can be combined using ``+''. For example, to make a
|
|
|
|
|
dotted eight note use the notation ``8+16'', a dotted half ``2+4'',
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|
|
|
and a quarter triplet ``3+3''.
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<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Note lengths can also be combined using a ``-''. For example, to
|
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|
|
|
make a dotted half you could use ``1-4''. Subtraction might appear
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
silly at first, but is useful in generating a note <SPAN CLASS="textit">just</SPAN> a bit
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
shorter than its full beat. For example, ``1-0'' will generate a
|
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|
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|
note 1 MIDI tick shorter than a whole note. This can be used in
|
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|
|
|
generating breaks in sustained tones.<A NAME="tex2html21"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1591"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<P>
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|
It is permissible to combine notes with ``dots'', ``+''s and ``-''s. The
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notation ``2.+4'' would be the same as a whole note.
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<P>
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The actual duration given to a note will be adjusted by the
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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|
A<SMALL>RTICULATE</SMALL> value <A HREF="node23.html#articulate">here</A>).
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>Volume</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>The MIDI velocity<A NAME="tex2html22"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1370"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A> to use for the specified note.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
For a detailed explanation of how
|
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|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> calculates the volume of a
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
note, see <A HREF="node17.html#sec-volume">read this</A>.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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|
MIDI velocities are limited to the range 0 to 127. However,
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> does not check the volumes specified in a pattern for
|
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|
|
validity.<A NAME="tex2html23"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1375"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<P>
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|
In most cases velocities in the range 50 to 100 are useful.
|
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|
<P>
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|
</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>Offset</STRONG></DT>
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|
<DD>The offset into the current chord. If you have, for
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
example, a C minor chord (C, E<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="21" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
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|
|
SRC="img1.png"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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|
ALT="$\flat$"></SPAN>, and G) has 3 offsets: 0, 1
|
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|
|
and 2. Note that the offsets refer to the <SPAN CLASS="textit">chord</SPAN> not the
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
scale. For example, a musician might refer to the ``fifth''--this
|
|
|
|
|
means the fifth note of a scale ...in a major chord this is the
|
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|
|
|
third note, which has an offset of 2 in
|
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|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> .
|
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|
<P>
|
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|
</DD>
|
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|
</DL>
|
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|
<P>
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|
Patterns can be defined for B<SMALL>ASS</SMALL>, W<SMALL>ALK</SMALL>, C<SMALL>HORD</SMALL>,
|
|
|
|
|
A<SMALL>RPEGGIO</SMALL> and D<SMALL>RUM</SMALL> tracks. All patterns are
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
shared by the tracks of the same type--<SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord-Sus</SPAN> and
|
|
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord-Piano</SPAN> share the patterns for <SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord</SPAN>. As a
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
convenience,
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> will permit you to define a pattern for a
|
|
|
|
|
sub-track, but remember that it will be shared by all similar tracks.
|
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
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|
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|
|
<P>
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Drum Define S1 1 0 50 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
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|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
and
|
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Drum-woof Define S1 1 0 50 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Will generate identical outcomes.<A NAME="tex2html24"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1388"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00411000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-bass"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Bass
|
|
|
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
A bass pattern is defined with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Position Duration Offset Volume ; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Each group consists of an beat offset for the start point, the note
|
|
|
|
|
duration, the note offset and volume.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
The note offset is one of the digits ``1'' through ``7'', each
|
|
|
|
|
representing a note of the chord scale. So, if you want to play the
|
|
|
|
|
root and fifth in a traditional bass pattern you'd use ``1'' and ``5''
|
|
|
|
|
in your pattern definition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
The note offset can be modified by appending a single or multiple set
|
|
|
|
|
of ``+'' or ``-'' signs. Each ``+'' will force the note up an octave;
|
|
|
|
|
each ``-'' forces it down. This modifier is handy in creating bass
|
|
|
|
|
patterns when you wish to alternate between the root note and the root
|
|
|
|
|
up an octave ...but users will find other interesting
|
|
|
|
|
patterns. There is no limit to the number of ``+''s or ``-''s. You can
|
|
|
|
|
even use both together if you're in a mood to obfuscate.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
The note offset can be further modified with a single accidental "#",
|
|
|
|
|
"&" or "b". This modifier will raise or lower the note by a
|
|
|
|
|
semitone.<A NAME="tex2html25"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1392"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN></SUP></A> In the boogie-woogie
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
library file a "6#" is used to generate a dominant 7th.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Bass Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:b8"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Bass Define Broken8 1 8 1 90 ; \
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 2 8 5 80 ; \
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> 3 8 3 90 ; \
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 4 8 1+ 80 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Sheet Music Equivalent</SPAN>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/bassb8.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:b8">This example</A> defines 4 bass notes
|
|
|
|
|
(probably staccato eight notes) at beats 1, 2, 3 and 4 in a
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> time bar. The first note is the root of the chord, the
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
second is the fifth; the third note is the third; the last note is the
|
|
|
|
|
root up an octave. The volumes of the notes are set to a MIDI velocity
|
|
|
|
|
of 90 for beats 1 and 3 and 80 for beats 2 and 4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> refers to note tables to determine the ``scale'' to use in a
|
|
|
|
|
bass pattern. Each recognized chord type has an associated scale. For
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
example, the chord ``Cm'' consists of the notes ``c'', ``e<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="21" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
|
|
|
SRC="img1.png"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
ALT="$\flat$"></SPAN>''
|
|
|
|
|
and ``g''; the scale for this chord is ``c, d, e<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="21" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
|
|
|
|
|
SRC="img1.png"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
ALT="$\flat$"></SPAN>, f, g, a, b''.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Due to the ease in which specific notes of a scale can be specified,
|
|
|
|
|
B<SMALL>ASS</SMALL> tracks and patterns are useful for much more than ``bass''
|
|
|
|
|
lines! These tracks are useful for sustained string voices, interesting
|
|
|
|
|
arpeggio and scale lines, and counter melodies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00412000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-chordseq"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Chord
|
|
|
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
A Chord pattern is defined with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<B>Position Duration Volume1 Volume2 ...; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Each group consists of an beat offset for the start point, the note
|
|
|
|
|
duration, and the volumes for each note in the chord. If you have
|
|
|
|
|
fewer volumes than notes in a chord, the last volume will apply to the
|
|
|
|
|
remaining notes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Chord Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:s4"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Chord Define Straight4+3 1 4 100 ; \
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 2 4 90 ; \
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> 3 4 100 ; \
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> 4 3 90 ; \
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> 4.3 3 80 ; \
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 4.6 3 80 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Sheet Music Equivalent </SPAN>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/chord43.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:s4">This example</A> defines a
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> pattern in a quarter, quarter, quarter, triplet rhythm.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
The quarter notes sound on beats 1, 2 and 3; the triplet is played on
|
|
|
|
|
beat 4. The example assumes that you have C major for beats 1 and 2,
|
|
|
|
|
and G major for 3 and 4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Using a volume of ``0'' will disable a note. So, you want only the
|
|
|
|
|
root and third of a chord to sound, you could use something like:
|
|
|
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<P>
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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|
<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define Dups 1 8 90 0 90 0; 3 8 90 0 90 0 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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|
<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00413000000000000000">
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Arpeggio</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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An Arpeggio pattern is defined with:
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<P>
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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|
<tr><td>
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|
<B>Position Duration Volume ; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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The arpeggio tracks play notes from a chord one at a time. This is
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|
quite different from chords where the notes are played all at
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|
once--refer to the S<SMALL>TRUM</SMALL> directive
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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(<A HREF="node23.html#strum">here</A>).
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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Each group consists of an beat offset, the note duration, and the note
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|
volume. You have no choice as to which notes of a chord are played
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(however, they are played in alternating ascending/descending
|
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order.<A NAME="tex2html26"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1594"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">8</SPAN></SUP></A> Volumes are
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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selected for the specific beat, not for the actual note.
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<P>
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
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<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Arpeggio Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:arp4s"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</tr> </td>
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<tr> <td >
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|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Arpeggio Define 4s 1 4 100; \
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<BR> 2 4 90; \
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<BR> 3 4 100; \
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<BR> 4 4 100 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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|
<P>
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<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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|
<BR> <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Sheet Music Equivalent </SPAN> <BR>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<BR>
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|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/arp4s.png" ALT="Lost Image">
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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</td> </tr>
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</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<P>
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<P>
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|
<A HREF="#eg:arp4s">This example</A> plays quarter note
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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|
on beats 1, 2, 3 and 4 of a bar in <SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> time.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00414000000000000000">
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|
Walk</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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|
A Walking Bass pattern is defined with:
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<P>
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
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|
|
<tr><td>
|
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|
|
<B>Position Duration Volume ; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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|
</td></tr>
|
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</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<P>
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|
Walking bass tracks play up and down the first part of a scale, paying
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|
|
attention to the ``color''<A NAME="tex2html27"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1596"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN></SUP></A> of the
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
chord. Walking bass lines are very common in jazz and swing music. They
|
|
|
|
|
appear quite often as an ``emphasis'' bar in marches.
|
|
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|
|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
Each group consists of an beat offset, the note duration, and the note
|
|
|
|
|
volume.
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> selects the actual note pitches to play based on the
|
|
|
|
|
current chord (you cannot change this).
|
|
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|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Walking Bass Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:walk4"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
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|
|
<B>Walk Define Walk4 1 4 100 ; \
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 2 4 90; \
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 3 4 90 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:walk4">This example</A> plays a bass note
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
on beats 1, 2 and 3 of a bar in <SPAN CLASS="textbf">3/4</SPAN> time.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00415000000000000000">
|
|
|
|
|
Scale</A>
|
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|
|
</H2>
|
|
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|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
A scale pattern is defined with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Position Duration Volume ; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Each group consists of an beat offset for the start point, the note
|
|
|
|
|
duration, and volume.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Scale Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:scale"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Scale Define S1 1 1 90
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Scale Define S4 S1 * 4
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
Scale Define S8 S1 * 8 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:scale">This example</A> defines three scale
|
|
|
|
|
patterns: ``S1'' is just a single whole note, not that useful on its
|
|
|
|
|
own, but it is used as a base for ``S4'' and ``S8''.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
``S4'' is 4 quarter notes and ``S8'' is 8 eight notes. All the volumes
|
|
|
|
|
are set to a MIDI velocity of 90.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Scale patterns are quite useful in endings. More options for scales
|
|
|
|
|
detailed in the S<SMALL>CALE</SMALL>D<SMALL>IRECTION</SMALL>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
(<A HREF="node23.html#scale-direction">here</A>) and S<SMALL>CALE</SMALL>T<SMALL>YPE</SMALL>
|
|
|
|
|
(<A HREF="node23.html#scale-type">here</A>) sections.
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00416000000000000000">
|
|
|
|
|
Aria</A>
|
|
|
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
An aria pattern is defined with:
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Position Duration Volume ; ...</B>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
much like a scale pattern. Please refer to the the A<SMALL>RIA</SMALL> section
|
|
|
|
|
(<A HREF="node11.html#chap-aria">here</A>) for more details.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00417000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-drum"></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum
|
|
|
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum tracks are a bit different from the other tracks discussed so
|
|
|
|
|
far. Instead of having each track saved as a separate MIDI track, all
|
|
|
|
|
the drum tracks are combined onto MIDI track 10.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
A Drum pattern is defined with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Position Duration Volume; ...</B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Drum Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:s2"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Drum Define S2 1 0 100; \
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 2 0 80 ; \
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> 3 0 100 ; \
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> 4 0 80 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:s2">This example</A> plays a drum sound on
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
beats 1, 2, 3 and 4 of a bar in <SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> time. The MIDI velocity
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
(volume) of the drum is 100 on beats 1 and 3; 80 on beats 2 and 4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
This example uses the special duration of ``0'', which
|
|
|
|
|
indicates 1 MIDI tick.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00418000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="drum-tone"></A>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Tone
|
|
|
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Essential to drum definitions is the T<SMALL>ONE</SMALL> directive.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
When a drum pattern is defined it uses the default ``note'' or
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|
|
``tone'' which is a snare drum sound. But, this can (and should) be
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|
|
changed using the T<SMALL>ONE</SMALL> directive. This is normally issued at
|
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|
|
the same time as a sequence is set up (see
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|
|
<A HREF="node5.html#sec-seqs">sequences</A>).
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<P>
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T<SMALL>ONE</SMALL> is a list of drum sounds which match the sequence length.
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|
Here's a short, concocted example (see the library files for many
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|
more):
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<P>
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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|
<B>Drum Define S1 1 0 90
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<BR>
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Drum Define S2 S1 * 2
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<BR>
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Drum Define S4 S1 * 4
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<BR>
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SeqClear
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<BR>
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SeqSize 4
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<BR>
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|
Drum Sequence S4 S2 S2 S4
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<BR>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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|
Drum Tone SnareDrum1 SideKick LowTom1 Slap </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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Here the drum patterns ``S2'' and ``S4'' are defined to sound a drum
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on beats 1 and 3, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively (see
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|
<A HREF="#defmult">DefMult</A> for details on the ``*''
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|
|
option). Next, a sequence size of 4 bars and a drum sequence are set
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|
|
to use this pattern. Finally,
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|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> is instructed to use a SnareDrum1
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sound in bar 1, a SideKick sound in bar 2, a LowTom1 in bar 3 and a
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|
Slap in bar 4. If the song has more than four bars, this sequence will
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|
be repeated.
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|
<P>
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|
In most cases you will probably use a single drum tone name for the
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|
|
entire sequence, but it can be useful to alternate the tone between
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|
bars.
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<P>
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|
To repeat the same ``tone'' in a sequence list, use a single ``/''.
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<P>
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|
The ``tone'' can be specified with a MIDI note value or with a
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|
|
symbolic name. For example, a snare drum could be specified as ``38''
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
or ``SnareDrum1''. <A HREF="node29.html#sec-drumnames">The Drumnames
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
appendix</A> lists all the defined symbolic
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|
names.
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|
<P>
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|
It is possible to substitute tone values. See
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<A HREF="node22.html#set-drumtr">T<SMALL>ONE</SMALL>TR</A>.
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<P>
|
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|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00420000000000000000">
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|
|
Including Existing Patterns in New Definitions</A>
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|
|
</H1>
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|
<P>
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|
|
When defining a pattern, you can use an existing pattern name in place
|
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|
|
of a definition grouping. For example, if you have already defined a
|
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|
|
chord pattern (which is played on beats 1 and 3) as:
|
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|
|
<P>
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
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|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
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|
|
<B>Chord Define M13 1 4 80; 3 4 80 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<P>
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|
|
you can create a new pattern which plays on same beats and adds a
|
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|
|
|
single push note just before the third beat:
|
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|
|
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|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Chord Define M1+3 M13; 2.5 16 80 0 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
A few points to note:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>the existing pattern must exist and belong to the same track,
|
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|
<P>
|
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|
|
</LI>
|
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|
|
<LI>the existing pattern is expanded in place,
|
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|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>it is perfectly acceptable to have several existing definitions,
|
|
|
|
|
just be sure to delimit each with a ``;'',
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
<LI>the order of items in a definition does not matter, each will be
|
|
|
|
|
placed at the correct position in the bar.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
</LI>
|
|
|
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
This is a powerful shortcut in creating patterns. See the included
|
|
|
|
|
library files for examples.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION00430000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="defmult"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Multiplying and Shifting Patterns
|
|
|
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Since most pattern definitions are, internally, repetitious, you can
|
|
|
|
|
create complex rhythms by multiplying a copy of an existing pattern.
|
|
|
|
|
For example, if you have defined a pattern to play a chord on beats 1
|
|
|
|
|
though 4 (a quarter note strum), you can easily create a similar
|
|
|
|
|
pattern to play eighth note chords on beats 1, 1.5, etc. though 4.5
|
|
|
|
|
with a command like:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Track Define NewPattern OldPattern * N </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
where ``Track'' is a valid track name (``Chord'', ``Walk'', ``Bass'',
|
|
|
|
|
``Arpeggio'' or ``Drum'', as well as ``Chord2'' or ``DRUM3'', etc.).
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
The ``*'' is absolutely required.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
``N'' can be any integer value between 2 and 100.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Multiply Define</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:drum2"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B> Drum Define S1 1 1 100
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Define S13 S1 * 2
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Define S1234 S1 * 4
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Define S8 S1234 * 2
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Define S16 S8 * 2
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
Drum Define S32 S16 * 2
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
Drum Define S64 S1 * 64 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
In <A HREF="#eg:drum2">this example</A> a Drum pattern
|
|
|
|
|
is defined which plays a drum tone on beat 1 (assuming
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> time). Then a new pattern, ``S13'', is created. This is
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
the old ``S1'' multiplied by 2. This new pattern will play a tone on
|
|
|
|
|
beats 1 and 3.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Next, ``S1234'' is created. This plays 4 notes, one the each beat.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Note the definition for ``S64'': ``S32'' could have been multiplied by
|
|
|
|
|
2, but, for illustrative purposes, ``S1'' has been multiplied by
|
|
|
|
|
64--same result either way.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
When
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> multiplies an existing pattern it will (usually) do what
|
|
|
|
|
you expect. The start positions for all notes are adjusted to the new
|
|
|
|
|
positions; the length of all the notes are adjusted (quarter notes
|
|
|
|
|
become eighth notes, etc.). No changes are made to note offsets or
|
|
|
|
|
volumes.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:sw8">This example</A> shows how to get a
|
|
|
|
|
swing pattern which might be useful on a snare drum.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Swing Beat Drum Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:sw8"></A>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Begin Drum Define
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> SB8 1 2+16 0 90 ; 3.66 4+32 80
|
|
|
|
|
<BR> SB8 SB8 * 4
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
End </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Sheet Music Equivalent, Normal Notation</SPAN>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/swingdrum8.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<BR>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
<BR> <SPAN CLASS="textbf">Sheet Music Equivalent, Actual Rhythm</SPAN>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/swingdrum8-3.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
To see the effects of multiplying patterns, create a simple test file
|
|
|
|
|
and process it though
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> with the ``-p'' option.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
Even cooler<A NAME="tex2html28"
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="#foot1563"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">10</SPAN></SUP></A> is combining a multiplier, and
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
existing pattern and a new pattern all in one statement. The following
|
|
|
|
|
is quite legal (and useful):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Drum Define D1234 1 0 90 * 4 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
which creates drum hits on beats 1, 2, 3 and 4.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
More contrived (but examples are needed) is:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
|
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
|
|
|
<B>Drum Define Dfunny D1234 * 2; 1.5 0 70 * 2 </B>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
|
|
|
</Table>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
If you're really interested in the result, run
|
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> with the ``-p''
|
|
|
|
|
option with the above definition.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
|
<A NAME="defshift"></A>
|
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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An existing pattern can be modified by <SPAN CLASS="textit">shifting</SPAN> it a beat, or
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portion of a beat. This is done in a
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> definition with the
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S<SMALL>HIFT</SMALL> directive. <A HREF="#eg:shift">This
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example</A> shows a triplet pattern created to
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play on beat 1, and then a second pattern played on beat 3.
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
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<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
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<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Shift Pattern Definition</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:shift"></A>
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</tr> </td>
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<tr> <td >
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define C1-3 1 3 90; \
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<BR> 1.33 3 90; 1.66 3 90 </B>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<BR>
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<BR>
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<P>
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<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/trip1.png" ALT="Lost Image">
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<P>
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<BR>
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<BR>
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord Define C3-3 C1-3 Shift 2 </B>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/trip3.png" ALT="Lost Image">
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td> </tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<P>
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Note that the shift factor can be a negative or positive value. It can
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be fractional. Just be sure that the factor doesn't force the note
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placement to be less than 1 or greater than the T<SMALL>IME</SMALL> setting.
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<P>
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And, just like the multiplier discussed earlier you can shift patterns
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as they are defined. And shifts and multipliers can be combined. So,
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to define a series of quarter notes on the offbeat you could use:
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Drum Define D1234' 1 0 90 * 4 Shift .5 </B>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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which would create the same pattern as the longer:
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<P>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Drum Define D1234' 1.5 1 90; 2.5 1 90; 3.5 1 90; 4.5 1 90 </B>
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<P>
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<P>
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<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
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<DL>
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1588">... warning!).</A><A
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HREF="node4.html#tex2html19"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<DD>The exception is that R<SMALL>TIME</SMALL> may move the
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chord back into the bar.
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</DD>
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1589">... fine:</A><A
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HREF="node4.html#tex2html20"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<DD>The start offset is the value of the first of a pair
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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of swing eights plus a quarter <SPAN CLASS="textit">before</SPAN> the second beat.
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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</DD>
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<DT><A NAME="foot1591">... tones.</A><A
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HREF="node4.html#tex2html21"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<DD>See the supplied
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G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> ``Bluegrass'' for an example.
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</DD>
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1370">... velocity</A><A
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HREF="node4.html#tex2html22"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<DD>MIDI ``note on'' events are
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declared with a ``velocity'' value. Think of this as the
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``striking pressure'' on a piano.
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1375">... validity.</A><A
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HREF="node4.html#tex2html23"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<DD>This is a feature that you probably don't want to
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use, but if you want to ensure that a note is always sounded use a
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very large value (e.g., 1000) for the volume. That way, future
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adjustments will maintain a large value and this large value will
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be clipped to the maximum permitted MIDI velocity.
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1388">... outcomes.</A><A
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|
HREF="node4.html#tex2html24"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">6</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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<DD>What really happens is that
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this definition is stored in a slot named ``DRUM''.
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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<DT><A NAME="foot1392">...
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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semitone.</A><A
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node4.html#tex2html25"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<DD> Be careful using this feature ...certain
|
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|
|
scales/chords may return non-musical results.
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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<DT><A NAME="foot1594">...
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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order.</A><A
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
|
|
HREF="node4.html#tex2html26"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">8</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
|
|
<DD>See the D<SMALL>IRECTION</SMALL> command
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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(<A HREF="node23.html#scale-direction">here</A>).
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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<DT><A NAME="foot1596">... ``color''</A><A
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|
HREF="node4.html#tex2html27"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<DD>The color of a chord are items
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|
like ``minor'', ``major'', etc. The current walking bass algorithm
|
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|
generates acceptable (uninspired) lines. If you want something
|
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|
better there is nothing stopping you from using a R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> to
|
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|
over-ride the computer generated pattern for important bars.
|
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
|
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<DT><A NAME="foot1563">... cooler</A><A
|
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|
HREF="node4.html#tex2html28"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">10</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
|
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|
<DD>In this case the word ``cool'' substitutes for
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the more correct ``useful''.
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</DD>
|
2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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</DL>
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<DIV CLASS="navigation"><HR>
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2006-11-10 08:07:56 +00:00
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<!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html395"
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HREF="node5.html">
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<A NAME="tex2html393"
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html396"
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HREF="node5.html">Sequences</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html394"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<ADDRESS>
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2007-04-29 06:47:40 +00:00
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bob
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2009-05-17 22:34:44 +00:00
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2008-09-28
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