mirror of
https://github.com/microtherion/VocalEasel.git
synced 2024-12-22 19:23:59 +00:00
288 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
288 lines
7.9 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
|
|
|
|
<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2008 (1.71)
|
|
original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
|
|
* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
|
|
* with significant contributions from:
|
|
Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
|
|
<HTML>
|
|
<HEAD>
|
|
<TITLE>Repeats</TITLE>
|
|
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Repeats">
|
|
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
|
|
<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
|
|
<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
|
|
|
|
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
|
|
<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="LaTeX2HTML v2008">
|
|
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css">
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="mma.css">
|
|
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node20.html">
|
|
<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node18.html">
|
|
<LINK REL="up" HREF="mma.html">
|
|
<LINK REL="next" HREF="node20.html">
|
|
</HEAD>
|
|
|
|
<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
|
|
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html690"
|
|
HREF="node20.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html688"
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html682"
|
|
HREF="node18.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html691"
|
|
HREF="node20.html">Variables, Conditionals and Jumps</A>
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html689"
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html683"
|
|
HREF="node18.html">Volume and Dynamics</A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR></DIV>
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
|
|
|
<H1><A NAME="SECTION001900000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-repeat"></A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
Repeats
|
|
</H1>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> attempts to be as comfortable to use as standard sheet music.
|
|
This includes <SPAN CLASS="textit">repeats</SPAN> and <SPAN CLASS="textit">endings</SPAN>.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
More complex structures like <SPAN CLASS="textit">D.S.</SPAN>, <SPAN CLASS="textit">Coda</SPAN>, etc. are
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textit">not</SPAN> directly supported. But, they are easily simulated with by
|
|
using some simple variables, conditionals and G<SMALL>OTO</SMALL>s. See
|
|
<A HREF="node20.html#sec-variables">Variables</A> for details.
|
|
Often as not, it may be easier to use your editor to cut, paste and
|
|
duplicate. Another, alternate, method of handling complicated repeats
|
|
is to set sections of code in M<SMALL>SET</SMALL> (<A HREF="node20.html#sec-mset">more
|
|
here</A>) variables and simply expand those.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
A section of music to be repeated is indicated with a R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>
|
|
and R<SMALL>EPEATEND</SMALL> or E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>.<A NAME="tex2html69"
|
|
HREF="#foot8794"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">19</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> In addition, you can have R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDINGS</SMALL>.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Repeats</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg-repeat"></A>
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="95%" SRC="mupex/repeat.png" ALT="Lost Image">
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Repeat
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1 Am
|
|
<BR>
|
|
2 C
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnding 2
|
|
<BR>
|
|
3 D7
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnding
|
|
<BR>
|
|
4 D7 / Dm
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd
|
|
<BR>
|
|
5 G7
|
|
<BR>
|
|
6 A </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
In <A HREF="#eg-repeat">this example</A>
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> produces
|
|
music with bars:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
1, 2, 3,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2, 3,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2, 4,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2, 5, 6
|
|
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
This works just like standard sheet music. Note that both
|
|
R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDING</SMALL> and R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> can take an optional argument
|
|
indicating the number of times to use the ending or to repeat the
|
|
block. The effect of an optional count for R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDING</SMALL> is
|
|
illustrated in the example, above. The following simple example:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Repeat
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1 Am
|
|
<BR>
|
|
2 Cm
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd 3 </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Will expand to:
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
1, 2,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2
|
|
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Note that the optional argument “3” produces a total of three
|
|
copies. The default argument for R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> is “2”. Using “1”
|
|
cancels the R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> and “0” deletes the entire section. Using
|
|
“1” and “0” are useful in setting up Coda sections where you want
|
|
a different count the second time the section is played. Note that the
|
|
count argument can be a macro. Have a look at the sample file
|
|
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">repeats.mma</SPAN></TT> for lots of examples.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Combining optional counts with both R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDING</SMALL> and
|
|
R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> is permitted. Another example:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Repeat
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1 Am
|
|
<BR>
|
|
2 C
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnding 2
|
|
<BR>
|
|
3 D7
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd 2 </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Produces:
|
|
<BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
1, 2, 3,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2, 3,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2,
|
|
<BR>
|
|
1, 2
|
|
|
|
</BLOCKQUOTE>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> processes repeats by reading the input file and creating
|
|
duplicates of the repeated material. This means that a directive in
|
|
the repeated material would be processed multiple times. Unless you
|
|
know what you are doing, directives should not be inserted in repeat
|
|
sections. Be especially careful if you define a pattern inside a
|
|
repeat. Using T<SMALL>EMPO</SMALL> with a “+” or “-” will be problematic
|
|
as well.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Repeats can be nested to any level.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Some count values for R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> or E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> and
|
|
R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDING</SMALL> will generate a warning message. Using the
|
|
optional text <SPAN CLASS="textit">NoWarn</SPAN> as the first argument will suppress the
|
|
message:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Repeat
|
|
<BR>...
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd Nowarn 1 </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
There must be one R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> or E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> for every
|
|
R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>. Any number of R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>NDING</SMALL>s can be included
|
|
before the R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>.
|
|
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot8794">...E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node19.html#tex2html69"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">19</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>The reason for both
|
|
E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> and R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> is to match I<SMALL>F</SMALL>E<SMALL>ND</SMALL> and
|
|
E<SMALL>ND</SMALL>I<SMALL>F</SMALL>.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
<DIV CLASS="navigation"><HR>
|
|
<!--Navigation Panel-->
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html690"
|
|
HREF="node20.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html688"
|
|
HREF="mma.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
|
|
<A NAME="tex2html682"
|
|
HREF="node18.html">
|
|
<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html691"
|
|
HREF="node20.html">Variables, Conditionals and Jumps</A>
|
|
<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html689"
|
|
HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
|
|
<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html683"
|
|
HREF="node18.html">Volume and Dynamics</A></DIV>
|
|
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
|
|
<ADDRESS>
|
|
bob
|
|
2010-11-07
|
|
</ADDRESS>
|
|
</BODY>
|
|
</HTML>
|