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<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2008 (1.71)
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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<TITLE>Riffs</TITLE>
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html505"
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HREF="node8.html">Musical Data Format</A>
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html497"
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HREF="node6.html">Grooves</A>
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<BR></DIV>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html506"
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HREF="node7.html#SECTION00710000000000000000">DupRiff</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00700000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="sec-riff"></A>
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<BR>
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Riffs
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</H1>
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<P>
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In previous chapters you were shown how to create a P<SMALL>ATTERN</SMALL>
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which becomes a part of a S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL>. And how to set a musical
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style by defining a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>.
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<P>
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These predefined G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>s are wonderful things. And, yes, entire
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accompaniment tracks can be created with just some chords and a single
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G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>. But, often a bit of variety in the track is needed.
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<P>
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The R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command permits the setting of an alternate pattern
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for any track for a single bar-this overrides the current
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S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> for that track.
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<P>
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The syntax for R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is very similar to that of D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL>,
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with the exception that no pattern name is used. You might think of
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R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> as the setting of an S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL> with an anonymous
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pattern.
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<P>
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A R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is set with the command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Track Riff Pattern </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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where:
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><STRONG>Track</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>is any valid
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> track name,
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<P>
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</DD>
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<DT><STRONG>Pattern</STRONG></DT>
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<DD>is any existing pattern name defined for the specified
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track, or a pattern definition following the same syntax as a
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D<SMALL>EFINE</SMALL>. In addition the pattern can be a single “z”,
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indicating no pattern for the specified track.
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<P>
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<P>
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Following is a short example using R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> to change the Chord Pattern:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Groove Rhumba
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<BR>
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1 Fm7
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<BR>
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2 Bb7
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<BR>
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3 EbM7
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<BR>
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Chord Riff 1 4 100; 3 8 90; 3.666 8 80; 4.333 8 70
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<BR>
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4 Eb6 / Eb
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<BR>
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5 Fm7 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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In this case there is a Rhumba Groove for the song; however, in bar 4
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the melodic pattern is emphasized by chording a quarter-note triplet
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over beats 3 and 4. In this case the pattern has been defined right in
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the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command.
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<P>
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The next example shows that R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> patterns can be defined just
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like the patterns used in a sequence.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Drum Define Emph8 1 0 128 * 8
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<BR>
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Groove Blues
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<BR>
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1 C
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<BR>
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2 G
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<BR>
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Drum-Clap Riff Emph8
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<BR>
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3 G
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<BR>
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4 F
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<BR>
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Drum-Clap Riff Emph8
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<BR>
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5 C </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Here the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Emph8</SPAN> pattern is defined as a series of eighth notes.
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This is applied for the third and fifth bars. If you compile and play this example
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you will hear a sporadic hand-clap on bar 3. The <SPAN CLASS="textit">Drum-Clap</SPAN>
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track was previously defined in the Blues G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> as random
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claps on beats 2 and 4--our R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> changes this to a louder
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volume with multiple hits.
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<P>
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The special pattern “z” can be used to turn off a track for a single
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bar. This is similar to using a “z” in the S<SMALL>EQUENCE</SMALL>
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directive.
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<P>
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A few things to keep in mind when using R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Each R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is in effect for only one bar (see the
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discussion below about multiple R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s).
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> sequences are always enabled. Even if there is no
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sequence for a track, or if the “z” sequence is being used, the
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pattern specified in R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> will apply.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The existing voicing, articulation, etc. for the track will
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apply to the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>It's quite possible to use a macro for repeated R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s.
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The following example uses a macro which
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sets the V<SMALL>OLUME</SMALL>, A<SMALL>RTICULATE</SMALL>, etc. as well as the
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pattern. Note how the pattern is initially set as single whole note,
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but, redefined in the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> as a run controlled by another
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macro. In bar 2 an eight note run is played and in bar 5 this is
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changed to a run of triplets.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Mset CRiff
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<BR> Begin Scale
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<BR> Define Run 1 1 120
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<BR> Riff Run * $SSpeed
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<BR> Voice AltoSax
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<BR> Volume f
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<BR> Articulate 80
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<BR> Rskip 5
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<BR> End
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<BR>
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MsetEnd
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<BR>
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Groove Blues
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<BR>
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1 C
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<BR>
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Set SSpeed 8
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<BR> $CRiff
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<BR>
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2 G
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<BR>
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3 G
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<BR>
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Set SSpeed 12
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<BR> $CRIFF
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<BR>
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5 C </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>A R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> can only be deleted by using it (i.e., a music bar
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follows the setting), with a S<SMALL>EQ</SMALL>C<SMALL>LEAR</SMALL> or by a track D<SMALL>ELETE</SMALL>.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s can also be used to specify a bar of music in a
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S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> or M<SMALL>ELODY</SMALL> track. Please see <A HREF="node10.html#chap-solo">Solo and
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Melody</A>.
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<P>
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The above examples show how to apply a temporary pattern to a single
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bar--the bar which follows the R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command. But, you can
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“stack”<A NAME="tex2html36"
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HREF="#foot3368"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> a number of patterns to be processed sequentially. Each
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successive R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> command adds a pattern to the stack; these
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patterns are then “pulled” from the stack as successive chord lines
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are processed.
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<P>
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Recycling an earlier example, lets assume that you want to use a
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customized pattern for bars 4 and 5 in a mythical song:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Groove Rhumba
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<BR>
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1 Fm7
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<BR>
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2 Bb7
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<BR>
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3 EbM7
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<BR>
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Chord Riff 1 4 100; 3 8 90; 3.666 8 80; 4.333 8 70
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<BR>
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Chord Riff 1 2 100; 3 8 90;
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<BR>
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4 Eb6 / Eb
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<BR>
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5 Fm7 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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In this example the first <SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord Riff</SPAN> will be used in bar 4; the
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second in bar 5. For an example of this see the sample file
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<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/riffs.mma</SPAN></TT>.
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<P>
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I often use this feature when creating a S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> line.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00710000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="dupriff"></A>
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<BR>
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DupRiff
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</H1>
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<P>
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In the above section we discussed the creation of R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL>s. In
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addition to being fun and useful in a specified track, they
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can easily be duplicated between similar tracks with a single command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Solo DupRiff Solo-1 Solo-2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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will copy any pending R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data in the S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> track to the
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S<SMALL>OLO-1</SMALL> and S<SMALL>OLO-2</SMALL> tracks.
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<P>
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A few rules:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>All the tracks must be of the same type. You can't copy a
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R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> from C<SMALL>HORD</SMALL> track to a S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL>, etc.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The source track must have R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data to copy.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The destination track(s) must <SPAN CLASS="textit">not</SPAN> have any pending
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R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> data.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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The use of the D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> makes it very easy to manage data for
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solos with multiple instruments. For example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Begin Solo-1
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<BR> Voice Flute
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<BR> HarmonyOnly Open
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<BR>
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End
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<BR>
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<BR>
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Begin Solo
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<BR> Voice Clarinet
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<BR> Begin Riff
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<BR> 2g+; f+;
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<BR> 2e+; d+;
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<BR> End
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<BR>
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End
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<BR>
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<BR>
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Solo DupRiff Solo-1
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</B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The above example creates two S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> tracks. S<SMALL>OLO-1</SMALL> will
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only play the harmony notes; S<SMALL>OLO</SMALL> will play the melody. Without
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D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> you would need to duplicate the note data in both
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tracks, either line by line or with a macro. Using D<SMALL>UP</SMALL>R<SMALL>IFF</SMALL> is
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much simpler.
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<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="foot3368">...
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“stack”</A><A
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HREF="node7.html#tex2html36"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">7</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
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<DD>Actually a queue or FIFO (First In, First Out)
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buffer.
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</DD>
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</DL>
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<DIV CLASS="navigation"><HR>
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HREF="node6.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html505"
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HREF="node8.html">Musical Data Format</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html503"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html497"
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HREF="node6.html">Grooves</A></DIV>
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
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2010-11-07
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</ADDRESS>
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