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659 lines
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659 lines
19 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.71)
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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Lyrics</TITLE>
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Lyrics">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
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<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
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<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
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<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="LaTeX2HTML v2002-2-1">
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<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Style-Type" CONTENT="text/css">
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<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node8.html">
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<LINK REL="up" HREF="mma.html">
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<LINK REL="next" HREF="node10.html">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
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<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html473"
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HREF="node10.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html471"
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HREF="mma.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
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HREF="node8.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html474"
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HREF="node10.html">Solo and Melody Tracks</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html472"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html466"
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HREF="node8.html">Musical Data Format</A>
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<BR>
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<BR></DIV>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html475"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00910000000000000000">Lyric Options</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html476"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00911000000000000000">Event Type</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html477"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00912000000000000000">Word Splitting</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html478"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00920000000000000000">Chord Name Insertion</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html479"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00921000000000000000">Chord Transposition</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html480"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00930000000000000000">Setting Lyrics</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html481"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00931000000000000000">Limitations</A>
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</UL></UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00900000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="sec-lyrics"></A>
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<BR>
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Lyrics
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</H1>
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<P>
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MIDI files can include song lyrics. And some MIDI players or
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sequencers can display them as a file is played. Some, but not all.
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<P>
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I'm not aware of any keyboards which display lyrics; and most Linux
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based players do not display them. Exceptions to the rule are the
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programs <SPAN CLASS="textit">Kmid</SPAN> which displays and highlights lyrics almost in a
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Karaoke manner, <SPAN CLASS="textit">xplaymidi</SPAN> and <SPAN CLASS="textit">timidity</SPAN> which display the
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lyrics in a secondary panel.
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<P>
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With this qualifier out of the way, there really is no reason for
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lyrics NOT to be useful in a program like
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> . Singers do not want
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a melody playing while they are vocalizing (really, they are no
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different in this than any other instrumentalist). And some
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platforms<A NAME="tex2html36"
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HREF="#foot3690"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> other than Linux support lyric display in a more
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useful format.
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<P>
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The ``Standard MIDI File'' document describes a <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN> Meta-event:
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<P>
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE><SPAN CLASS="textbf">FF 05 len text <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN>.</SPAN> A lyric to be sung.
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Generally, each syllable will be a separate lyric event which begins
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at the event's time.<A NAME="tex2html37"
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HREF="#foot3694"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<P>
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Unfortunately, not all players and creators follow the
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specification--the most notable exception are ``.kar'' files. These
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files eschew the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN> event and place their lyrics as a
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<SPAN CLASS="textit">Text Event</SPAN>. There are programs strewn on the net which convert
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between the two formats (but I really don't know if
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conversion is needed).
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<P>
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If you want to read the word from the source, refer to the official
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MIDI lyrics documentation at
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<TT><A NAME="tex2html38"
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HREF="http://www.midi.org/about-midi/smf/rp017.shtml">http://www.midi.org/about-midi/smf/rp017.shtml</A></TT>.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00910000000000000000">
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Lyric Options</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> has a number of options in setting lyrics. They are all called
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via the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command. Most options are set as option/setting
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pairs with the option name and the setting joined with an ``=''.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00911000000000000000">
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Event Type</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> supports both format for lyrics (discussed above). The
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EVENT option is used to select the desired mode.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric EVENT=LYRIC </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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selects the default L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>E<SMALL>VENT</SMALL> mode.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric EVENT=TEXT </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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selects the T<SMALL>EXT </SMALL>E<SMALL>VENT</SMALL> mode. Use of this option also prints a
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warning message.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00912000000000000000">
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Word Splitting</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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Another option controlled by the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command is to determine
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the method used to split words. As mentioned earlier (and in various
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MIDI documents), the lyrics should be split into syllables.
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> does
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this by taking each word (anything with white space surrounding it)
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and setting a MIDI event for that. However, depending on your player,
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you might want only one event per bar. You might even want to put the
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lyrics for several bars into one event. In this case simply set the
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``bar at a time'' flag:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric SPLIT=BAR </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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You can return to normal (syllable/word) mode at anytime with:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric SPLIT=NORMAL </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00920000000000000000">
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Chord Name Insertion</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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It is possible to have
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> duplicate the current chord names and
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insert them as a lyrics. The option:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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will enable this. In this mode the chord line is parsed and inserted
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as verse one into each bar.
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<P>
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The mode is enabled with ``On'' or ``1'' and disabled with ``Off'' or
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``0''.
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<P>
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After the chords are extracted they are treated exactly like a verse
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you have entered as to word splitting, etc. Note that the special
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chord ``z'' is converted to ``N.C.'' and directives after the ``z'' in
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constructs like ``C7zCS'' will appear with only the chord name.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00921000000000000000">
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Chord Transposition</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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If you are transposing a piece or if you with to display the chords
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for a guitar with a cappo you can tell
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> to transpose the chord
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names inserted with C<SMALL>HORDS=</SMALL>O<SMALL>N</SMALL>. Just add a transpose directive
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in the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On Transpose=2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Please note that the Lyrics code does <SPAN CLASS="textit">not</SPAN> look at the global
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T<SMALL>RANSPOSE</SMALL> setting.<A NAME="tex2html39"
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HREF="#foot3720"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> isn't too smart in it's transposition and will often display the
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``wrong'' chord names in relation to ``sharp'' and ``flat'' names. If
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you find that you are getting too many ``wrong'' names, try setting
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the CN<SMALL>AMES</SMALL> option to either ``Sharp'' or ``Flat''. Another
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example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On Transpose=2 CNames=Flat </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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By default, the ``flat'' setting is used. In addition to ``Flat'' and
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``Sharp'' you can use the abbreviations ``#'', ``b'' and ``SPMamp;''.
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<P>
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You can (and may well need to) change the CN<SMALL>AMES</SMALL> setting
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anywhere in the song.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00930000000000000000">
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Setting Lyrics</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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Adding a lyric to your song is a simple matter ...and like so many
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things, there is more than one way to do it.
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<P>
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Lyrics can be set for a bar in-between a pair of <SPAN CLASS="textbf">[]</SPAN>s
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somewhere in a data bar.<A NAME="tex2html40"
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HREF="#foot3726"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A> For
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example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>z [ Pardon ]
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<BR>
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C [ me, If I'm ]
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<BR>
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E7 [ sentimental, \r]
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<BR>
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C [when we say good ] </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The alternate method is to use the L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> directive:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Set Hello Young Lovers </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Unlike the other L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> options, the S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> option must be
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the last one on a line, and it does not use the ``='' sign. If you are
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setting the lyric for a single verse the <SPAN CLASS="textbf">[]</SPAN>s are optional;
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however, for multiple verses they are used (just like they are when
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you include the lyric in a data/chord line). The advantage to using
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L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> is that you can specify multiple bars of lyrics at
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one point in your file. See the sample file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/lyrics.mma</SPAN></TT> for
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an example.
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<P>
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The lyrics for each bar are separated into individual events, one for
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each word ...unless the option S<SMALL>PLIT=</SMALL>B<SMALL>AR</SMALL> has been used, in
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which case the entire lyric is placed at the offset corresponding to
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the start of the bar.
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> recognizes two special characters in a L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \r</SPAN> is converted into an EOL character (hex
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value 0x0D). A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \r</SPAN> should appear at the end of each
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lyrical line.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \n</SPAN> is converted into a LF character (hex
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value 0x0A). A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \n</SPAN> should appear at the end of each
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verse or paragraph.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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When a multi-verse section is created using a R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> or
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G<SMALL>OTO</SMALL>, different lyrics can be specified for different passes.
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In this case you simply specify two more sets of lyrics:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>A / Am / [First verse] [Second Verse] </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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However, for this work properly you must set the internal counter
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L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL> for any verse other than 1. This counter is set with
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the command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=Value | INC | DEC </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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This means that you can directly set the value (the default value is
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1) with a command like:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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And you can increment or decrement the value with the INC and
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DEC options. This is handy at to use in repeat sections:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=Inc </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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You cannot set the value to a value less than 1.
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<P>
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There are a couple of special cases:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>If there is only one set of lyrics in a line, it will be treated
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as text for verse 1, regardless of the value of L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL>.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>If the value of L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL> is greater than the number of
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verses found after splitting the line, then no lyrics are produced.
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In most cases this is probably not what you want.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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At times you may wish to override
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> 's method of determining the
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beat offsets for a lyric or a single syllable in a lyric. You can
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specify the beat in the bar by enclosing the value in ``<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
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WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
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SRC="img2.png"
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ALT="$< >$"></SPAN>''
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brackets. For example, suppose that your song starts with a pickup bar
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and you'd like the lyrics for the first bar to start on beat 4:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>z z z C [ <4>Hello ]
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<BR>
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F [ Young lovers ] </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Assuming <SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> the above would put the word ``Hello'' at beat
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4 of the first bar; ``Young'' on the first beat of bar 2; and
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``lovers'' on beat 3 of bar 2.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Note: there must not be a space inside the ``<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img2.png"
|
|
ALT="$< >$"></SPAN>'', nor can there be
|
|
a space between the bracket and the syllable it applies to.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Only the first ``<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
|
WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img2.png"
|
|
ALT="$< >$"></SPAN>'' is checked. So, if you really want to have
|
|
the characters ``<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img3.png"
|
|
ALT="$<$"></SPAN>'' or ``<SPAN CLASS="MATH"><IMG
|
|
WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
|
|
SRC="img4.png"
|
|
ALT="$>$"></SPAN>'' in a lyric just include a dummy to
|
|
keep
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> happy:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>C [ <><Verse_1.>This is a Demo ] </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:twk">This example</A><A NAME="tex2html41"
|
|
HREF="#foot3791"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A> shows a complete
|
|
song with lyrics. You should also examine the file
|
|
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/lyrics.mma</SPAN></TT> for an alternate example.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:twk"></A>
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Tempo 200
|
|
<BR>
|
|
Groove Folk
|
|
<BR>
|
|
Repeat
|
|
<BR> 1 G [Twinkle,] [When the]
|
|
<BR> 2 G [Twinkle] [blazing ]
|
|
<BR> 3 C [little] [sun is]
|
|
<BR> 4 G [star; \r] [gone, \r]
|
|
<BR> 5 Am [How I] [When he ]
|
|
<BR> 6 G [wonder] [nothing]
|
|
<BR> 7 D7 [what you] [shines u-]
|
|
<BR> 8 G [are. \r] [pon. \r]
|
|
<BR> 9 G [Up a-] [then you]
|
|
<BR> 10 D7 [bove the] [show your]
|
|
<BR> 11 G [world so] [little]
|
|
<BR> 12 D [high, \r] [light, \r]
|
|
<BR> 13 G [Like a] [Twinkle, ]
|
|
<BR> 14 D7 [diamond] [twinkle,]
|
|
<BR> 15 G [in the] [all the]
|
|
<BR> 16 D7 [sky! \r] [night. \r]
|
|
<BR> 17 G [Twinkle,]
|
|
<BR> 18 G [twinkle]
|
|
<BR> 19 C [Little]
|
|
<BR> 20 G [star, \r]
|
|
<BR> 21 Am [How I]
|
|
<BR> 22 G [wonder]
|
|
<BR> 23 D7 [what you]
|
|
<BR> 24 G [are. \r \n]
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR> Lyric Verse=Inc
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00931000000000000000">
|
|
Limitations</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
A few combinations are not permitted:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>You cannot specify lyrics in bars that are being repeated with
|
|
the ``*'' option.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>You cannot insert lyrics with L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> and [<SMALL>STUFF]</SMALL>.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot3690">...
|
|
platforms</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html36"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>Pointers and reviews to other players would be
|
|
would appreciated.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot3694">... time.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html37"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>I am quoting from ``MIDI
|
|
Documentation'' distributed with the TSE Library. Pete Goodliffe,
|
|
Oct. 21, 1999. Page 41.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot3720">... setting.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html39"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>This is a feature! It permits you
|
|
to have separate control over music generation and chord symbol
|
|
display.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot3726">... bar.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html40"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>Although the lyric can be placed
|
|
anywhere in the bar, it is recommended that you only place the lyric at
|
|
the end of the bar. All the examples follow this style.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot3791">...eg:twk</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html41"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">5</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>Included in
|
|
this distribution as <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">songs/twinkle.mma</SPAN></TT>.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
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|
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<A NAME="tex2html471"
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HREF="mma.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html465"
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HREF="node8.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html474"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
|
|
2008-09-28
|
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</ADDRESS>
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