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694 lines
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HTML
694 lines
20 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<!--Converted with LaTeX2HTML 2008 (1.71)
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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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Jens Lippmann, Marek Rouchal, Martin Wilck and others -->
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<HTML>
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<HEAD>
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<TITLE>Lyrics</TITLE>
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<META NAME="description" CONTENT="Lyrics">
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<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="mma">
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<META NAME="resource-type" CONTENT="document">
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<META NAME="distribution" CONTENT="global">
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<META NAME="Generator" CONTENT="LaTeX2HTML v2008">
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<LINK REL="STYLESHEET" HREF="mma.css">
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<LINK REL="next" HREF="node10.html">
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<LINK REL="previous" HREF="node8.html">
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<LINK REL="up" HREF="mma.html">
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<LINK REL="next" HREF="node10.html">
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</HEAD>
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<BODY bgcolor="#ffffff">
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<DIV CLASS="navigation"><!--Navigation Panel-->
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<A NAME="tex2html531"
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HREF="node10.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="next" SRC="next.png"></A>
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<A NAME="tex2html529"
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HREF="mma.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="up" SRC="up.png"></A>
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HREF="node8.html">
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<IMG WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="24" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0" ALT="previous" SRC="prev.png"></A>
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<BR>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html532"
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HREF="node10.html">Solo and Melody Tracks</A>
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<B> Up:</B> <A NAME="tex2html530"
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html524"
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HREF="node8.html">Musical Data Format</A>
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<BR>
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<BR></DIV>
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<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html533"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00910000000000000000">Lyric Options</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html534"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00911000000000000000">Event Type</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html535"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00912000000000000000">Kar File Mode</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html536"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00913000000000000000">Word Splitting</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html537"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00920000000000000000">Chord Name Insertion</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html538"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00921000000000000000">Chord Transposition</A>
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</UL>
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<BR>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html539"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00930000000000000000">Setting Lyrics</A>
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<UL>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html540"
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HREF="node9.html#SECTION00931000000000000000">Limitations</A>
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</UL></UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00900000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="sec-lyrics"></A>
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<BR>
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Lyrics
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</H1>
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<P>
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MIDI files can include song lyrics and some (certainly not all) MIDI
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file players and/or sequencers can display them as a file is
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played. This includes newer “arranger” keyboards and many software
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players. Check your manuals.
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<P>
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The “Standard MIDI File” document describes a <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN>
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Meta-event:
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<P>
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<BLOCKQUOTE>
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<SPAN CLASS="textbf">FF 05 len text <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN>.</SPAN> A
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lyric to be sung. Generally, each syllable will will be a separate
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lyric event which begins at the event's time.<A NAME="tex2html38"
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HREF="#foot4127"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></BLOCKQUOTE>
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<P>
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<P>
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Unfortunately, not all players and creators follow the
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specification--the most notable exception are “.kar” files. These
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files eschew the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Lyric</SPAN> event and place their lyrics as a
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<SPAN CLASS="textit">Text Event</SPAN>. There are programs strewn on the net which convert
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between the two formats (but I really don't know if conversion is
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needed).
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<P>
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If you want to read the word from the source, refer to the official
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MIDI lyrics documentation at
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<TT><A NAME="tex2html40"
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HREF="http://www.midi.org/about-midi/smf/rp017.shtml">http://www.midi.org/about-midi/smf/rp017.shtml</A></TT>.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00910000000000000000">
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Lyric Options</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> has a number of options in setting lyrics. They are all called
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via the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command. Most options are set as option/setting
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pairs with the option name and the setting joined with an “=”.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00911000000000000000">
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Event Type</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> supports both format for lyrics (discussed above). The
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EVENT option is used to select the desired mode.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric EVENT=LYRIC </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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selects the default L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>E<SMALL>VENT</SMALL> mode.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric EVENT=TEXT </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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selects the T<SMALL>EXT </SMALL>E<SMALL>VENT</SMALL> mode. Use of this option also prints a
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warning message.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00912000000000000000">
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Kar File Mode</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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As noted above, Karaoke or .kar files use a slightly different MIDI
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format for their lyrics.
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> supports kar file creation with this
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mode:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric KARMODE=On </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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When this mode is entered the following changes are made:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>The extension used for the MIDI file name is changed from .mid
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to .kar (if you have specified an output file name on the command
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line this is not done).
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Some meta track information is changed to make it compatible
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with the kar useage.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The word splitting algorithm is modified. In kar mode hyphens (“-”)
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are used to indicate syllable breaks and are removed from the
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input. You can force a hyphen into your lyrics by using the notation
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“\-”.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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You can turn the mode off with:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric KarMode=Off </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Repeated mode switching is quite acceptable and may be useful in
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generating proper lyric breaks.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00913000000000000000">
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Word Splitting</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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Another option controlled by the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command is to determine
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the method used to split words. As mentioned earlier (and in various
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MIDI documents), the lyrics should be split into syllables.
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> does
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this by taking each word (anything with white space surrounding it)
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and setting a MIDI event for that. However, depending on your player,
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you might want only one event per bar. You might even want to put the
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lyrics for several bars into one event. In this case simply set the
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“bar at a time” flag:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric SPLIT=BAR </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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You can return to normal (syllable/word) mode at anytime with:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric SPLIT=NORMAL </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00920000000000000000">
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Chord Name Insertion</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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It is possible to have
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> duplicate the current chord names and
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insert them as a lyrics. The option:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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will enable this. In this mode the chord line is parsed and inserted
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as verse one into each bar.
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<P>
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The mode is enabled with “On” or “1” and disabled with “Off” or
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“0”.
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<P>
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After the chords are extracted they are treated exactly like a verse
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you have entered as to word splitting, etc. Note that the special
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chord “z” is converted to “N.C.” and directives after the “z” in
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constructs like “C7zCS” will appear with only the chord name.
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<P>
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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00921000000000000000">
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Chord Transposition</A>
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</H2>
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<P>
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If you are transposing a piece or if you with to display the chords
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for a guitar with a capo you can tell
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> to transpose the chord
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names inserted with C<SMALL>HORDS=</SMALL>O<SMALL>N</SMALL>. Just add a transpose directive
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in the L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On Transpose=2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Please note that the Lyrics code does <SPAN CLASS="textit">not</SPAN> look at the global
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T<SMALL>RANSPOSE</SMALL> setting.<A NAME="tex2html41"
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HREF="#foot4053"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A>
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> isn't too smart in it's transposition and will often display the
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“wrong” chord names in relation to “sharp” and “flat” names. If
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you find that you are getting too many “wrong” names, try setting
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the CN<SMALL>AMES</SMALL> option to either “Sharp” or “Flat”. Another
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example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric CHORDS=On Transpose=2 CNames=Flat </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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By default, the “flat” setting is used. In addition to “Flat” and
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“Sharp” you can use the abbreviations “#”, “b” and “&”.
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<P>
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You can (and may well need to) change the CN<SMALL>AMES</SMALL> setting
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in a number of different places in the song.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00930000000000000000">
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Setting Lyrics</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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Adding a lyric to your song is a simple matter ... and like so many
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things, there is more than one way to do it.
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<P>
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Lyrics can be set for a bar in-between a pair of <SPAN CLASS="textbf">[]</SPAN>s
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somewhere in a data bar.<A NAME="tex2html42"
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HREF="#foot4060"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A> For
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example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>z [ Pardon ]
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<BR>
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C [ me, If I'm ]
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<BR>
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E7 [ sentimental, \r]
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<BR>
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C [when we say good ] </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The alternate method is to use the L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> directive:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Set Hello Young Lovers </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> option can be anywhere in a L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL> line. The only
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restriction is that no “=” signs are permitted in the lyric. When
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setting the lyric for a single verse the <SPAN CLASS="textbf">[]</SPAN>s are optional;
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however, for multiple verses they are used (just like they are when
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you include the lyric in a data/chord line). The advantage to using
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L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> is that you can specify multiple bars of lyrics at
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one point in your file. See the sample file <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/lyrics.mma</SPAN></TT> for
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an example.
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<P>
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The lyrics for each bar are separated into individual events, one for
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each word ... unless the option S<SMALL>PLIT=</SMALL>B<SMALL>AR</SMALL> has been used, in
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which case the entire lyric is placed at the offset corresponding to
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the start of the bar.
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<P>
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> recognizes two special characters in a L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \r</SPAN> is converted into an EOL character (hex
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value 0x0D). A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \r</SPAN> should appear at the end of each
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lyrical line.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \n</SPAN> is converted into a LF character (hex
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value 0x0A). A <SPAN CLASS="textbf"> \n</SPAN> should appear at the end of each
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verse or paragraph.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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When a multi-verse section is created using a R<SMALL>EPEAT</SMALL> or
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G<SMALL>OTO</SMALL>, different lyrics can be specified for different passes.
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In this case you simply specify two more sets of lyrics:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>A / Am / [First verse] [Second Verse] </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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However, for this work properly you must set the internal counter
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L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL> for any verse other than 1. This counter is set with
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the command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=Value | INC | DEC </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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This means that you can directly set the value (the default value is
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1) with a command like:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=2 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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And you can increment or decrement the value with the INC and
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DEC options. This is handy at to use in repeat sections:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Lyric Verse=Inc </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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You cannot set the value to a value less than 1.
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<P>
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There are a couple of special cases:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>If there is only one set of lyrics in a line, it will be treated
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as text for verse 1, regardless of the value of L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL>.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>If the value of L<SMALL>YRIC</SMALL>V<SMALL>ERSE</SMALL> is greater than the number of
|
|
verses found after splitting the line, then no lyrics are produced.
|
|
In most cases this is probably not what you want.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
At times you may wish to override
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> 's method of determining the
|
|
beat offsets for a lyric or a single syllable in a lyric. You can
|
|
specify the beat in the bar by enclosing the value in “<
|
|
>” brackets. For example, suppose that your song starts
|
|
with a pickup bar and you'd like the lyrics for the first bar to start
|
|
on beat 4:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>z z z C [ <4>Hello ]
|
|
<BR>
|
|
F [ Young lovers ] </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Assuming <SPAN CLASS="textbf">4/4</SPAN> the above would put the word “Hello” at beat
|
|
4 of the first bar; “Young” on the first beat of bar 2; and
|
|
“lovers” on beat 3 of bar 2.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Note: there must not be a space inside the “<
|
|
>”, nor can there be a space between the bracket and the
|
|
syllable it applies to.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
Only the first “< >” is checked. So, if you
|
|
really want to have the characters “<” or ">” in
|
|
a lyric just include a dummy to keep
|
|
<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> happy:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>C [ <><Verse_1.>This is a Demo ] </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
<A HREF="#eg:twk">This example</A><A NAME="tex2html43"
|
|
HREF="#foot4133"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A> shows a complete
|
|
song with lyrics. You should also examine the file
|
|
<TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">egs/lyrics.mma</SPAN></TT> for an alternate example.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="#efefef" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td Align="CENTER" BGColor="White">
|
|
<SPAN CLASS="textbf"><BIG CLASS="XLARGE">Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star</BIG></SPAN> <A NAME="eg:twk"></A>
|
|
</tr> </td>
|
|
<tr> <td >
|
|
|
|
|
|
<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
|
|
<tr><td>
|
|
<B>Tempo 200
|
|
<BR>
|
|
Groove Folk
|
|
<BR>
|
|
Repeat
|
|
<BR> 1 G [Twinkle,] [When the]
|
|
<BR> 2 G [Twinkle] [blazing ]
|
|
<BR> 3 C [little] [sun is]
|
|
<BR> 4 G [star; \r] [gone, \r]
|
|
<BR> 5 Am [How I] [When he ]
|
|
<BR> 6 G [wonder] [nothing]
|
|
<BR> 7 D7 [what you] [shines u-]
|
|
<BR> 8 G [are. \r] [pon. \r]
|
|
<BR> 9 G [Up a-] [then you]
|
|
<BR> 10 D7 [bove the] [show your]
|
|
<BR> 11 G [world so] [little]
|
|
<BR> 12 D [high, \r] [light, \r]
|
|
<BR> 13 G [Like a] [Twinkle, ]
|
|
<BR> 14 D7 [diamond] [twinkle,]
|
|
<BR> 15 G [in the] [all the]
|
|
<BR> 16 D7 [sky! \r] [night. \r]
|
|
<BR> 17 G [Twinkle,]
|
|
<BR> 18 G [twinkle]
|
|
<BR> 19 C [Little]
|
|
<BR> 20 G [star, \r]
|
|
<BR> 21 Am [How I]
|
|
<BR> 22 G [wonder]
|
|
<BR> 23 D7 [what you]
|
|
<BR> 24 G [are. \r \n]
|
|
<BR>
|
|
<BR> Lyric Verse=Inc
|
|
<BR>
|
|
RepeatEnd </B>
|
|
|
|
</td></tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</td> </tr>
|
|
</Table>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<H2><A NAME="SECTION00931000000000000000">
|
|
Limitations</A>
|
|
</H2>
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
A few combinations are not permitted:
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
|
|
<UL>
|
|
<LI>You cannot specify lyrics in bars that are being repeated with
|
|
the “*” option.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
<LI>You cannot insert lyrics with L<SMALL>YRIC </SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL> and
|
|
[<SMALL>STUFF]</SMALL> into the same bar.
|
|
|
|
<P>
|
|
</LI>
|
|
</UL>
|
|
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
|
|
<DL>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot4127">... time.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html38"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>I am quoting
|
|
from “MIDI Documentation” distributed with the TSE Library. Pete
|
|
Goodliffe, Oct. 21, 1999. You may be able to get the complete
|
|
document at <TT><A NAME="tex2html39"
|
|
HREF="http://tse3.sourceforge.net/docs.html">http://tse3.sourceforge.net/docs.html</A></TT>
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot4053">... setting.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html41"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">2</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>This is a feature! It permits you
|
|
to have separate control over music generation and chord symbol
|
|
display.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot4060">... bar.</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html42"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">3</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>Although the lyric can be placed
|
|
anywhere in the bar, it is recommended that you only place the lyric
|
|
at the end of the bar. All the examples follow this style.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
<DT><A NAME="foot4133">...eg:twk</A><A
|
|
HREF="node9.html#tex2html43"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">9</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">4</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
|
|
<DD>Included in
|
|
this distribution as <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">songs/twinkle.mma</SPAN></TT>.
|
|
|
|
</DD>
|
|
</DL>
|
|
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
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2010-11-07
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</ADDRESS>
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