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original version by: Nikos Drakos, CBLU, University of Leeds
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* revised and updated by: Marcus Hennecke, Ross Moore, Herb Swan
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* with significant contributions from:
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<TITLE>Randomizing</TITLE>
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<B> Next:</B> <A NAME="tex2html518"
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HREF="node13.html">Chord Voicing</A>
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html519"
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HREF="node12.html#SECTION001210000000000000000">RndSeed</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html520"
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HREF="node12.html#SECTION001220000000000000000">RSkip</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html521"
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HREF="node12.html#SECTION001230000000000000000">RTime</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html522"
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HREF="node12.html#SECTION001240000000000000000">Other Randomizing Commands</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001200000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="sec-randomizing"></A>
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<BR>
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Randomizing
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</H1>
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<P>
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One criticism of computer generated music is that all to often it's
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too predictable or mechanical sounding. Again, in
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> we're not
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trying to replace real, flesh and blood musicians, but applying some
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randomization to the way in which tracks are generated can help bridge
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the human--mechanical gap.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001210000000000000000">
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RndSeed</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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All of the random functions (R<SMALL>TIME</SMALL>, R<SMALL>SKIP</SMALL>, etc.) in
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> depend on the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Python random</SPAN> module. Each time
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> generates a track the values generated by the random functions will be
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different. In most cases this is a ``good thing''; however, you may
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want
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> to use the same sequence of random values<A NAME="tex2html45"
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HREF="#foot4870"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">12</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A> each time it generates a
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track. Simple: just use:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>RndSeed 123.56 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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at the top of your song file. You can use any value you want: it
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really doesn't make any difference, but different values will generate
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different sequences.
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<P>
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You can also use this with no value, in which case Python uses its own
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value (see the Python manual for details). Essentially, using no value
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undoes the effect which permits the mixing of random and not-so-random
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sections in the same song.
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<P>
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One interesting use of R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>S<SMALL>EED</SMALL> could be to ensure that a
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repeated section is identical: simply start the section with something
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like:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Repeat
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<BR>
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RndSeed 8
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<BR> ...chords </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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It is highly recommended that you <SPAN CLASS="textit">do not</SPAN> use this command in
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library files.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001220000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="rskip"></A>
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<BR>
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RSkip
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</H1>
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<P>
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To aid in creating syncopated sounding patterns, you can use the
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RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> directive to randomly silence or skip notes. The command
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takes a value in the range 0 to 99. The ``0'' argument disables
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skipping. For example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Begin Drum
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<BR> Define D1 1 0 90
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<BR> Define D8 D1 * 8
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<BR> Sequence D8
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<BR> Tone OpenHiHat
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<BR> RSkip 40
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<BR>
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End </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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In this case a drum pattern has been defined to hit short
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``OpenHiHat'' notes 8 per bar. The RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> argument of ``40''
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causes the note to be NOT sounded (randomly) only 40% of the time.
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<P>
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Using a value of ``10'' will cause notes to be skipped 10% of the
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time (they are played 90% of the time), ``90'' means to skip the
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notes 90% of the time, etc.
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<P>
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You can specify a different RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> for each bar in a sequence.
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Repeated values can be represented with a ``/'':
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Scale RSkip 40 90 / 40 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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If you use the RS<SMALL>KIP</SMALL> in a chord track, the entire chord
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<SPAN CLASS="textit">will not</SPAN> be silenced. The option will be applied to the
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individual notes of each chord. This may or may not be what you are
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after. You cannot use this option to generate entire chords randomly.
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For this effect you need to create several chord patterns and select
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them with S<SMALL>EQ</SMALL>R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001230000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="rtime"></A>
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<BR>
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RTime
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</H1>
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<P>
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One of the biggest problem with computer generated drum and rhythm
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tracks is that, unlike real musicians, the beats are precise and ``on
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the beat''. The RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> directive attempts to solve this.
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<P>
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The command can be applied to all tracks.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Drum-4 Rtime 4 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The value passed to the RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> directive is the number of MIDI ticks
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with which to vary the start time of the notes. For example, if you
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specify ``5'' the start times will vary from -5 to +5 ticks) on each
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note for the specified track. There are 192 MIDI ticks in each quarter
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note.
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<P>
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Any value from 0 to 100 can be used; however values in the range 0 to
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10 are most commonly used. Exercise caution in using large values!
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<P>
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You can specify a different RT<SMALL>IME</SMALL> for each bar in a sequence.
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Repeated values can be represented with a ``/'':
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord RTime 4 10 / 4 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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R<SMALL>TIME</SMALL> is guaranteed never to start a note before the start of a
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bar.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION001240000000000000000">
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Other Randomizing Commands</A>
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</H1>
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<P>
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In addition to the above, the following commands should be examined:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI><A HREF="node11.html#chap-aria">Aria</A> tracks
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have a ``r'' option for the movement direction.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The track <A HREF="node23.html#scale-direction">Direction</A> command has a ``random'' option for playing scales,
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arpeggios, and other tracks.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="node17.html#rvolume">R<SMALL>VOLUME</SMALL></A> makes random adjustments to the volume of each note.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>The <A HREF="node13.html#voice-rmove">V<SMALL>OICING</SMALL></A> command has an RM<SMALL>OVE</SMALL> option.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="node19.html#rndset">R<SMALL>ND</SMALL>S<SMALL>ET</SMALL></A>
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lets you set a variable to a random value.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI><A HREF="node5.html#seqrnd">SeqRnd</A>
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enables randomization of sequences; this randomization can be
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fine-tuned with the <A HREF="node5.html#seqrndweight">SeqRndWeight</A> command.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
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<DL>
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<DT><A NAME="foot4870">... values</A><A
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HREF="node12.html#tex2html45"><SUP><SPAN CLASS="arabic">12</SPAN>.<SPAN CLASS="arabic">1</SPAN></SUP></A></DT>
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<DD>Yes,
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this is a contradiction of terms.
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</DD>
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</DL>
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HREF="node13.html">Chord Voicing</A>
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HREF="mma.html">Reference Manual</A>
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<B> Previous:</B> <A NAME="tex2html510"
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HREF="node11.html">Automatic Melodies: Aria Tracks</A></DIV>
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
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2008-09-28
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