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<TITLE>Fine Tuning (Translations)</TITLE>
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<!--Table of Child-Links-->
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<A NAME="CHILD_LINKS"><STRONG>Subsections</STRONG></A>
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<UL CLASS="ChildLinks">
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html695"
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HREF="node22.html#SECTION002210000000000000000">VoiceTr</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html696"
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HREF="node22.html#SECTION002220000000000000000">DrumTr</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html697"
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HREF="node22.html#SECTION002230000000000000000">VoiceVolTr</A>
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<LI><A NAME="tex2html698"
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HREF="node22.html#SECTION002240000000000000000">DrumVolTr</A>
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</UL>
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<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
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<HR>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION002200000000000000000"></A>
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<A NAME="finetuning"></A>
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<BR>
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Fine Tuning (Translations)
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</H1>
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<P>
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A program such as
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> which is intended to be run of various
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computers and synthesizers (both hardware keyboards and software
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versions) suffers from a minor deficiency of the MIDI standards: mainly
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that the standard says nothing about what a certain instrument should
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sound like, or the relative volumes between instruments. The GM
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extension helps a bit, but only a bit, by saying that certain
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instruments should be assigned certain program change values. This
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means that all GM synths will play a "Piano" if instrument 000 is
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selected.
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<P>
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But, if one plays a GM file on a Casio keyboard, then on PC
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soft-synth, and then on a Yahama keyboard you will get three quite
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different sounds. The files supplied in this distribution have been
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created to sound good on the author's setup: A Casio WK-3000 keyboard.
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<P>
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But, what if your hardware is different? Well, there are solutions!
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Later in this chapter commands are shown which will change the
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preselected voice and tone commands and the default volumes. At this
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time there are no example files supplied with
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> , but your
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contributions are welcome.
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<P>
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The general suggestion is that:
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<P>
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<OL>
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<LI>You create a file with the various translations you need. For
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example, the file might be called <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">yamaha.mma</SPAN></TT> and contain
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lines like:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceTR Piano1=Piano2
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<BR>
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ToneTr SnareDrum2=SnareDrum1
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<BR>
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VoiceVolTr Piano2=120 BottleBlow=80
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<BR>
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DrumVolTr RideBell=90 Tambourine=120 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Place this file in the directory <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">/usr/local/share/mma/includes</SPAN></TT>.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Include this file in your <TT><SPAN CLASS="textbf">~/.mmarc</SPAN></TT> file. Following the
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above example, you would have a line:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Include yamaha </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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That's it! Now, whenever you compile a
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> file the translations
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will be done.
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<P>
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All of the following translation settings follow a similar logic as to ``when''
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they take effect, and that is at the time the V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>,
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V<SMALL>OLUME</SMALL>, etc. command is issued. This may confuse the unwary if
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G<SMALL>ROOVES</SMALL> are being used. But, the following sequence:
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<P>
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<TABLE WIDTH="60%">
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<TR><TD>
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<OL>
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<LI>You set a voice with the V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL> command,
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</LI>
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<LI>You save that voice into a G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> with D<SMALL>EF</SMALL>G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>,
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</LI>
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<LI>You create a voice translation with V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>TR,
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</LI>
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<LI>You activate the previously defined G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL>.
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</LI>
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</OL></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<TABLE WIDTH="30%">
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<TR><TD><BIG CLASS="XHUGE">Wrong!</BIG></TD></TR>
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</TABLE>
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<P>
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<SPAN CLASS="textit">does not have the desired effect</SPAN>. In the above sequence the
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V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>TR will have <SPAN CLASS="textit">no</SPAN> effect. For the desired
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translations to work the V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL> (or whatever) command must come
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<SPAN CLASS="textit">after</SPAN> the translation command.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION002210000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="set-voicetr"></A>
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<BR>
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VoiceTr
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</H1>
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<P>
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In previous section you saw how to set a voice for a track by using its
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standard MIDI name. The V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> command sets up a translation
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table that can be used in two different situations:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>It permits creation of your own names for voices (perhaps for a
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foreign language),
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>It lets you override or change voices used in standard library
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files.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> works by setting up a simple translation table of
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``name'' and ``alias'' pairs. Whenever
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> encounters a voice name
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in a track command it first attempts to translate this name though the
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alias table.
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<P>
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To set a translation (or series of translations):
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceTr Piano1=Clavinet Hmmm=18 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Note that you additional V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> commands will add entries to
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the existing table. To clear the table use the command with no
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arguments:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceTr // Empty table </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Assuming the first command, the following will occur:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord-Main Voice Hmmm </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL> for the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord-Main</SPAN> track will be set to ``18''
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or ``Organ3''.
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Chord-2 Voice Piano1 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL> for the <SPAN CLASS="textit">Chord-2</SPAN> track will be set to
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``Clavinet''.
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<P>
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If your synth does not follow standard GM-MIDI voice naming
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conventions you can create a translation table which can be included
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in all your
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> song files via an RC file. But, do note that the
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resulting files will not play properly on a synth conforming to the
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GM-MIDI specification.
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<P>
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Following is an abbreviated and untested example for using an obsolete and unnamed synth:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceTr Piano1=3 \
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<BR>
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Piano2=4 \
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<BR>
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Piano3=5 \
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<BR> ... \
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<BR>
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Strings=55 \
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<BR> ...</B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Notes: the translation is only done one time and no verification is
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done when the table is created. The table contains one-to-one
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substitutions, much like macros.
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<P>
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For translating drum tone values, see
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<A HREF="#set-drumtr">D<SMALL>RUM</SMALL>TR</A>.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION002220000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="set-drumtr"></A>
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<BR>
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DrumTr
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</H1>
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<P>
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It is possible to create a translation table which will substitute one
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Drum Tone for another. This can be useful in a variety of
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situations, but consider:
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<P>
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<UL>
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<LI>Your synth lacks certain drum tones--in this case you may want
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to set certain D<SMALL>RUM</SMALL>TR commands in a <SMALL>MMA</SMALL>RC file.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>You are using an existing G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> in a song, but don't
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like one or more of the Drum Tones selected. Rather than
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editing the library file you can set a translation right in the
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song. Note, do this <SPAN CLASS="textit">before any</SPAN> G<SMALL>ROOVE</SMALL> commands.
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</LI>
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</UL>
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<P>
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To set a translation (or set of translations) just use a list of
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drumtone values or symbolic names with each pair separated by
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white space. For example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>ToneTR SnareDrum2=SnareDrum1 HandClap=44 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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will use a ``SnareDrum1'' instead of a ``SnareDrum2'' and the value
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``44'' (actually a ``PedalHiHat'') instead of a ``HandClap''.
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<P>
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You can turn off all drum tone translations with an empty line:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>ToneTR </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The syntax and usage of D<SMALL>RUM</SMALL>TR is quite similar to
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<A HREF="#set-voicetr">V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>TR</A>.
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION002230000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="set-voicevoltr"></A>
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<BR>
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VoiceVolTr
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</H1>
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<P>
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If you find that a particular voice, i.e., Piano2, is too loud or soft
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you can create an entry in the ``Voice Volume Translation Table''. The
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concept is quite simple:
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> checks the table whenever a
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track-specific V<SMALL>OLUME</SMALL> command is processed. The table is
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created in a similar manner to the V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> command:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceVolTr Piano2=120 105=75 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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Each voice pair must contain a valid MIDI voice (or numeric value),
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an ``='' and a volume adjustment factor. The factor is a percentage
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value which is applied to the normal volume. In the above example two
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adjustments are created:
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<P>
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<OL>
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<LI>Piano2 will be played at %120 of the normal value,
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Banjo (voice 105) will be played at %75 of the normal value.
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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The adjustments are made when a track V<SMALL>OLUME</SMALL> command is
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encountered. For example, if the above translation has be set and
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<FONT Face="Serif" Color="Navy"><I>MMA</I></FONT> encounters the following commands:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>Begin Chord
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<BR> Voice Piano2
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<BR> Volume mp
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<BR> Sequence 1 4 90
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<BR>
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End </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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the following adjustments are made:
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<P>
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<OL>
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<LI>A look up is done in the global volume table. The volume ``mf''
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is determined to be %85 for the set MIDI velocity,
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>the adjustment of %120 is applied to the %85, changing that to %102.
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<P>
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</LI>
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<LI>Assuming that no other volume adjustments are being made
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(probably there will be a global volume and, perhaps, a
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R<SMALL>VOLUME</SMALL>) the MIDI velocity in the sequence will be changed
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from 90 to 91. Without the translation the 90 would have been changed to 76.
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<P>
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</LI>
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</OL>
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<P>
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To disable all volume translations:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>VoiceVolTr // Empty table </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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<H1><A NAME="SECTION002240000000000000000"></A> <A NAME="set-drumvoltr"></A>
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<BR>
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DrumVolTr
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</H1>
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<P>
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You can change the volumes of individual drum tones with the
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D<SMALL>RUM</SMALL>V<SMALL>OL</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> translation. This command works just like the
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V<SMALL>OICE</SMALL>V<SMALL>OL</SMALL>T<SMALL>R</SMALL> command described above. It just uses drum tones
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instead of instrument voices.
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<P>
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For example, if you wish to make the drum tones ``SnareDrum1'' and
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``HandClap'' a bit louder:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>DrumVolTr SnareDrum1=120 HandClap=110 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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The drum tone names can be symbolic constants, or MIDI values as in
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the next example:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>DrumVolTr 44=90 31=55 </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<P>
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All drum tone translations can be disabled with:
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<P>
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<Table Hspace="40%" CellSpacing=0 CellPadding=10 BGColor="OldLace" Border=3>
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<tr><td>
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<B>DrumVolTr // Empty table </B>
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</td></tr>
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</Table>
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<ADDRESS>
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bob
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2008-09-28
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